European Research Center for Social Development

We do Research on Economic Development: Future of Work, Sustainable Agriculture, and Sustainable Building

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  • Utilization of plant secondary metabolites for plant protection

    “Greener Revolution” is necessary to achieve higher crop yields while significantly reducing the use of water, fertilizers, and synthetic pesticides.

    The researchers point out that plant secondary metabolites—bioactive compounds extracted as oils or extracts—serve as a potent alternative to traditional chemicals. According to the study, these metabolites fall into four main chemical categories: terpenes, phenolics, and nitrogen- or sulfur-containing compounds.

    The authors highlight that plant families such as Meliaceae and Asteraceae are especially rich in these compounds, which can be utilized for their pesticidal and antimicrobial properties.

    The study also explores the use of essential oils in post-harvest management, noting that nanoencapsulation can improve the delivery and effectiveness of these volatile substances.

    Ultimately, the researchers emphasize that while botanical options like Pyrethrum and Azadirachtin are already commercially successful, further exploration of these metabolites is essential for the future of integrated pest management.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2023.2297533

    Reference:

    Lyubenova, A., Georgieva, L., & Antonova, V. (2023). Utilization of plant secondary metabolites for plant protection. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 37(1), 2297533.

  • Crop Allelopathy for Sustainable Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Knowing the Present with a View to the Future

    Sustainable weed management has become mandatory in the face of significant yield losses and the environmental pollution caused by the excessive use of synthetic herbicides.

    The researchers point out that allelopathy—the biochemical interaction between plants through the release of secondary metabolites—is gaining popularity as an eco-friendly alternative. Although many crops possess this potential, the study notes that farmers remain reluctant to apply this knowledge practically, highlighting a need to assist both advisors and farmers in implementing allelopathic strategies.

    According to the review, crops from various botanical families exhibit allelopathic properties and can be utilized through several flexible methods, such as crop rotation, intercropping, and the use of cover crops as living or dead mulches.

    The authors highlight that these tools are most effective when combined into an integrated weed management strategy. Furthermore, recent advances in chemistry are facilitating the production of bioherbicides, while biotechnologies like genetic engineering and stress induction can enhance or even introduce allelopathic traits in crops.

    Ultimately, the researchers recommend combining transgenic approaches with traditional allelopathic tools to maximize weed suppression, while emphasizing the urgent need for more field experiments using an integrated approach.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112104

    Reference:

    Scavo, A., & Mauromicale, G. (2021). Crop Allelopathy for Sustainable Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Knowing the Present with a View to the Future. Agronomy, 11(11), 2104.

  • Cellular Agriculture: Opportunities and Challenges

    While traditional farming relies on whole organisms, cellular agriculture allows for the controlled and sustainable manufacture of agricultural products using only cells and tissues.

    The researchers point out that this field is already producing a wide range of items in bioreactors, from food ingredients like egg and milk proteins, sweeteners, and flavors, to materials such as leather and fibers for the textile industry.

    According to the study, plant cell and tissue cultures are also being used to create ingredients that boost the immune system and improve skin texture.

    The authors highlight in vitro meat as a high-profile precommercial product that is currently receiving significant attention. They suggest that these technologies could help traditional agriculture meet the dietary needs of a growing global population while freeing up critical resources like arable land.

    However, the review also notes that despite early successes, significant challenges remain in the production processes for both plant and animal cell and tissue cultures.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-063020-123940

    Reference:

    Eibl, R., Senn, Y., Gubser, G., Jossen, V., Van Den Bos, C., & Eibl, D. (2021). Cellular Agriculture: Opportunities and Challenges. Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, 12(1), 51–73.

  • Social Criteria of Sustainable Development in Relation to Green Building Assessment Tools

    Social Criteria of Sustainable Development in Relation to Green Building Assessment Tools

    Buildings are for people, yet we often fail to quantify its human impact. This research aims to address the “social blind spot” of green assessment tools, aiming to bring human-centric perspective into the core of construction.

    By identifying the key social factors (from indoor air quality and mental health to community integration) the study provides a roadmap for building practitioners to make better decisions.

    The authors move beyond simple technical metrics to propose a new way of evaluating a building’s success: its contribution to Social Sustainable Development Goals.

    Ultimately, the paper argues that a building can only be truly “sustainable” if it supports the health, equity, and well-being of the society that uses it.

    Learn more about this paper here: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10668-018-0184-1

    Reference

    Atanda, J.O., Öztürk, A. Social criteria of sustainable development in relation to green building assessment tools. Environ Dev Sustain 22, 61–87 (2020)

  • Building Sustainable Smart Cities for Energy Efficiency and CO2 Emission Reduction: Insights from Europe

    Building Sustainable Smart Cities for Energy Efficiency and CO2 Emission Reduction: Insights from Europe

    As we look toward a future where more than 70% of global CO2 emissions come from our urban centers, the pressure to redesign how cities function has never been higher.

    This research explores the “Sustainable Smart City” (SSC) as a vital framework for breaking our dependence on fossil fuels and fixing deep-seated energy inefficiencies.

    By examining successful models across Europe, the study investigates how the digital and physical worlds can merge to create urban environments that are both high-tech and low-impact.

    The methodology focuses on the integration of “triple-threat” technologies: the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and smart grids. These tools are analyzed for their ability to revolutionize renewable energy distribution, streamline transportation, and automate waste management.

    While the study draws its primary lessons from the European experience, it specifically aims to create a blueprint for nations like Sri Lanka to meet their own climate goals.

    The findings suggest that technological innovation alone isn’t enough; the true catalyst for change is a combination of stakeholder collaboration and robust policy reform.

    Ultimately, the research concludes that by adopting this research-driven framework, developing urban centers can successfully transition into sustainable hubs that enhance the quality of life without exhausting the planet’s resources.

    Learn more about this paper here: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-96-9551-5_11

    Reference

    Udayantha, U.L.I., Dias, S.N.C.M. (2025). Building Sustainable Smart Cities for Energy Efficiency and CO2 Emission Reduction: Insights from Europe. In: Dissanayake, R., De Alwis, A., Bekchanov, M., Gajanayake, P., Gunawardhana, S. (eds) Proceedings of the International Conference on Resource Efficiency Towards Sustainability. ICRES 2025. Proceedings in Technology Transfer. Springer, Singapore

  • Sustainable Adaptive Reuse Strategy Evaluation for Cultural Heritage Buildings

    Sustainable Adaptive Reuse Strategy Evaluation for Cultural Heritage Buildings

    We often view historical buildings as relics to be frozen in time, but in the context of a sustainable future, these structures are actually some of our most strategic assets.

    This research investigates the concept of adaptive reuse—the process of giving old structures new life through contemporary additions—to ensure that our cultural heritage isn’t just preserved, but remains a functional part of our modern economy. The study aims to pinpoint the most effective strategies for integrating modern elements into these sites to maintain a sustainable form of conservation.

    To do this, the authors used a comparative analysis method, evaluating a variety of building samples based on physical criteria like material selection, mass, and how well the new function fits the original structure.

    The findings reveal that while designs vary widely, the most successful adaptations are often driven by cultural or commercial needs and frequently utilize steel and glass to create a clear, honest distinction between the old and the new.

    Ultimately, the paper concludes that by bringing these buildings back into the social fabric with fresh purposes and contemporary materials, we can revitalize our urban environments while achieving a meaningful balance of economic, social, and environmental innovation.

    Learn more about this study here: https://avesis.atauni.edu.tr/yayin/bc47683e-ee22-443d-ba4f-08191067176b/sustainable-adaptive-reuse-strategy-evaluation-for-cultural-heritage-buildings

    Reference

    Takva, Y., Takva, Ç., & İlerisoy, Z. (2023). Sustainable Adaptive Reuse Strategy Evaluation for Cultural Heritage Buildings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY, 10(2)

  • Machine Learning for Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

    While classical statistics have long been the standard for data analysis in plant breeding, these methods often struggle with the complex, nonlinear nature of plant characteristics caused by the interaction between a plant’s genotype and its environment (G x E).

    The researchers point out that as agricultural data expands into large-scale “big data”—including genomics, phenomics, and metabolomics—traditional models become less efficient at interpreting the results. According to the study, nonlinear and nonparametric machine learning (ML) techniques are more effective at handling these complex datasets, especially when dealing with multiple independent and dependent variables.

    The authors highlight several specific models, such as neural networks, partial least square regression, random forest, and support vector machines, which have been successfully applied to both traditional breeding and lab-based biotechnology.

    The researchers explain that the high interpretive power of ML allows for better classification of plant genotypes, more accurate modeling of quantitative traits, and the optimization of in vitro breeding methods. Furthermore, they note that precision agriculture is made possible by combining imaging techniques with ML to analyze high-throughput phenotyping data.

    Ultimately, the authors suggest that these techniques will inspire researchers to apply machine learning to new layers of plant breeding in future studies.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100436

    Reference:

    Niazian, M., & Niedbała, G. (2020). Machine Learning for Plant Breeding and Biotechnology. Agriculture, 10(10), 436.

  • Microbial biosurfactants: A review of recent environmental applications

    Microbial biosurfactants are low-molecular-weight, surface-active compounds that have gained significant industrial interest due to their chemical stability across various environmental conditions.

    The researchers point out that the specific chemistry and production cost of a biosurfactant are determined by the choice of microorganism, the substrate used, and the purification strategy. Currently, the primary field of application for these compounds is solving environmental problems, particularly the bioremediation of soils contaminated with hydrocarbons or heavy metals.

    According to the study, biosurfactants act as chelating agents when dealing with heavy metals. However, their more typical environmental mechanism involves reducing surface tension to facilitate the emulsification and solubilization of pollutants, a process often used in biostimulation or bioaugmentation.

    The authors also highlight that while biosurfactants generally have low toxicity, they can function as biocidal agents at higher concentrations. Furthermore, the review emphasizes that using organic waste as a substrate via solid-state fermentation has increased the relevance of biosurfactants within a circular economy.

    Ultimately, the paper summarizes recent research on biosurfactants as an alternative to chemical surfactants and presents novel strategies for their use as agricultural and biocidal agents.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2022.2074621

    Reference:

    Eras-Muñoz, E., Farré, A., Sánchez, A., Font, X., & Gea, T. (2022). Microbial biosurfactants: A review of recent environmental applications. Bioengineered, 13(5), 12365–12391.

  • Enhancing Essential Grains Yield for Sustainable Food Security and Bio-Safe Agriculture through Latest Innovative Approaches

    While feeding an expanding population is a central challenge, we must also safeguard the environment from the negative effects of climate change. They point out that food production and security are significant hurdles, as global output may need to double by 2050.

    To meet this rising demand, the researchers highlight the need for more innovative approaches to increase the productivity of essential grains such as corn, wheat, rice, barley, and oats.The review focuses on how molecular technology and genetics can raise production and improve resource-efficient use of these important grains.

    According to the study, red light management and genetic manipulation show the highest levels of yield enhancement, but other strategies are also effective. These include bacterial-nutrient management, solar brightening, and innovative systems for addressing abiotic stress.

    The authors also cover fertilizer management, the reduction of harmful gas emissions, photosynthesis enhancement, and improvements in stress tolerance, disease resistance, and crop varieties. Ultimately, the study discusses the potential challenges and future perspectives of these advanced agricultural approaches.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071709

    Reference:

    Albahri, G., Alyamani, A. A., Badran, A., Hijazi, A., Nasser, M., Maresca, M., & Baydoun, E. (2023). Enhancing Essential Grains Yield for Sustainable Food Security and Bio-Safe Agriculture through Latest Innovative Approaches. Agronomy, 13(7), 1709.

  • Comparative Economics of Conventional, Organic, and Alternative Agricultural Production Systems

    Agricultural production systems are a combination of philosophy, adoptability, and the analysis of risks and rewards. This research identifies conventional and organic farming as the two dominant typologies, while biotechnology and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) act as situational modifiers.

    After a systematic review of existing literature, the study found that organic systems generally outperform conventional ones economically, primarily due to lower production costs and higher market prices, even though they often face lower yields in the fruit, vegetable, and animal sectors.

    According to the study, IPM can enhance either core system by reducing inputs without a yield penalty, although it remains a labor-intensive decision-making framework. The authors highlight that biotechnology is rapidly emerging, particularly in developing countries, where Genetically Modified (GM) crops lead to higher yields and lower production costs.

    Because biotechnology is scale-neutral, it allows smaller and lower-income farmers to achieve higher gross margins while providing environmental benefits through reduced pesticide use.

    Ultimately, the researchers suggest that unless external factors like subsidies interfere, farmers should adopt an “a la carte” approach—selecting the best elements from different systems—rather than strictly following a single discrete model to optimize their operations.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9020064

    References:

    Durham, T. C., & Mizik, T. (2021). Comparative Economics of Conventional, Organic, and Alternative Agricultural Production Systems. Economies, 9(2), 64.

  • RNA‐based biocontrol compounds: Current status and perspectives to reach the market

    Facing current climate challenges and a reduction in chemical options for plant protection, RNA interference (RNAi) is being explored as a new solution for agricultural losses caused by pests and environmental stresses.

    While the use of this technology is currently limited to a few transgenic crops in specific parts of the world, the researchers point out that scientists and industry are now developing RNA-based biocontrol compounds for external applications.

    The study highlights an expanding research and development pipeline, as well as the commercial and regulatory landscape surrounding these compounds.

    According to the authors, the involvement of both established agrochemical companies and start-ups is vital for turning these theories into practical tools. However, they note that the path to market requires standardized guidelines to resolve existing regulatory ambiguities.

    Ultimately, the researchers conclude that the successful deployment of these RNA-based tools will depend on effective communication to build public awareness and acceptance.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5686

    Reference:

    Taning, C. N., Arpaia, S., Christiaens, O., Dietz‐Pfeilstetter, A., Jones, H., Mezzetti, B., Sabbadini, S., Sorteberg, H., Sweet, J., Ventura, V., & Smagghe, G. (2020). RNA‐based biocontrol compounds: Current status and perspectives to reach the market. Pest Management Science, 76(3), 841–845.

  • Green Finance Gap in Green Buildings: A Scoping Review and Future Research Needs

    Green Finance Gap in Green Buildings: A Scoping Review and Future Research Needs

    The global transition to green buildings is currently stalled by a significant lack of investment.

    This research provides a first-of-its-kind map of Green Finance within the building sector, concluding that while the tools to fund sustainable construction exist, they are severely underutilized.

    The study explicitly states that the lack of empirical data and standardized assessment tools makes it difficult for investors to feel confident in green building projects.

    To overcome this “finance gap,” the authors propose a shift toward intelligent assessment. They suggest that the future of green construction lies in the development of AI-enabled software and automated cost-benefit frameworks that can prove the financial viability of sustainable buildings to policymakers and practitioners.

    By aligning financial incentives with technological performance tracking, the sector can finally secure the capital needed to combat climate change through the built environment.

    Learn more abou this review here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108443

    Reference

    Debrah, C., Chan, A. P. C., & Darko, A. (2022). Green finance gap in green buildings: A scoping review and future research needs. Building and Environment, 207, 108443.

  • Global Regulation of Genetically Modified Crops Amid the Gene Edited Crop Boom – A Review

    Agricultural biotechnology has become a major global commodity, providing materials for clothing, livestock feed, and fuel for eco-friendly vehicles.

    This growth continues despite a patchwork of inconsistent regulations worldwide, which range from total prohibitions to frameworks that treat biotech products the same as conventional plants. Because of the vast surface area currently under cultivation, the researchers point out that the acceptance and necessity of these crop varieties are no longer in question.

    The recognition of CRISPR/Cas9 technology by the Nobel Prize committee marks a significant step toward the development of new crop varieties. These precise and affordable genome editing techniques are allowing new crops to enter regulatory systems for commercial use.

    The study highlights a shift in the legislative landscape, starting in Argentina, where countries are now evaluating gene-edited products by comparing them to those bred conventionally. The authors argue that agricultural law must be dynamic, adjusting to societal values informed by 25 years of experience with genetically modified (GM) crops. This review serves as a global synthesis of existing legislative frameworks and provides links to original regulatory documents.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.630396

    Reference:

    Turnbull, C., Lillemo, M., & Hvoslef-Eide, T. A. K. (2021). Global Regulation of Genetically Modified Crops Amid the Gene Edited Crop Boom – A Review. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 630396.

  • A Review on Integration of Renewable Energy Processes in Vapor Absorption Chiller for Sustainable Cooling

    A Review on Integration of Renewable Energy Processes in Vapor Absorption Chiller for Sustainable Cooling

    Traditional cooling systems are notorious energy consumers, but as cities grapple with rising temperatures, the shift toward Vapor Absorption Chillers (VAC) is proving to be a game-changer for large-scale sustainable cooling. Unlike standard air conditioners that rely on electricity-hungry compressors, VACs use heat to drive the cooling process—making them the perfect partner for renewable energy.

    This research explores how integrating VACs with sources like solar, geothermal, and biomass can revolutionize the cooling landscapes of both Europe and India.

    The study takes a deep dive into the technical and economic frameworks of these systems, comparing how they perform across different climates and scales.

    By analyzing the integration of VACs with six renewable sources—geothermal, biomass, waste heat, surface water, and solar (both thermal and PV)—the researchers sought to identify the most cost-effective and low-emission pathways.

    Their findings reveal that local heat availability is the primary driver of success; in hot and humid regions, small-scale bio-energy or solar thermal systems can create efficient “circular economies,” while centralized systems often struggle with the high costs and energy losses of transporting thermal energy over long distances.

    One of the most exciting takeaways is the environmental edge: because VACs don’t use HCF refrigerants, they avoid the potent greenhouse gases associated with traditional compression chillers. The research highlights that bio-energy-based VACs, in particular, offer a rare carbon-negative opportunity if the bio-char produced during the process is captured and sequestered.

    Ultimately, the paper concludes that while solar thermal is the most versatile solution for both urban and rural needs, the future of clean cooling lies in decentralized, renewable-driven VAC systems that turn waste heat and local resources into a comfortable, sustainable climate.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101822

    Reference

    Hara Chakravarty, K., Sadi, M., Chakravarty, H., Sulaiman Alsagri, A., James Howard, T., & Arabkoohsar, A. (2022). A review on integration of renewable energy processes in vapor absorption chiller for sustainable cooling. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 50

  • Allelopathy as a source of bioherbicides: Challenges and prospects for sustainable agriculture

    Balancing crop productivity with environmental sustainability is a primary global challenge, particularly as weeds develop resistance to synthetic herbicides and cause significant economic losses. Modern agriculture requires unconventional weed control strategies rooted in ecological principles to address environmental pollution and the depletion of natural resources.

    This research point out that allelopathy—a natural phenomenon where an organism produces biochemicals that influence the growth and survival of others—can be integrated into weed management plans. According to the study, this can be achieved by growing specific crops or applying extracts containing these compounds to significantly reduce the use of synthetic inputs.

    The review provides a comprehensive overview of the classification of allelochemicals and highlights recent advances in management practices and their underlying mechanisms. The authors argue that taking a holistic view of these chemicals supports an ecological approach to integrated weed control.

    Ultimately, the study suggests that this research contributes to future multidisciplinary programs, the development of chemoinformatic tools, and the application of new biotechnology methods in plant breeding.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-023-09656-1

    Reference:

    Kostina-Bednarz, M., Płonka, J., & Barchanska, H. (2023). Allelopathy as a source of bioherbicides: Challenges and prospects for sustainable agriculture. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 22(2), 471–504.

  • Cellular agriculture—Industrial biotechnology for food and materials

    While we often think of farming in traditional terms, fundamental changes to how we produce food and materials are now unavoidable.

    This research point out that feeding a growing global population while reducing the environmental damage caused by conventional agriculture is a massive challenge. According to the study, cellular agriculture—the biotechnological manufacturing of products—is beginning to emerge as a powerful solution.

    The authors highlight cultured meat as a promising technology for creating animal-based proteins, though they note that it still requires further development to reach its full potential. They also suggest that using plant cells directly as food is a very attractive alternative for obtaining healthy, protein-rich, and nutritionally balanced raw materials.

    Furthermore, the researchers explain that cultured microbes can be processed into a wide range of biosynthetic materials. Ultimately, the authors conclude that gaining better control over the structural properties of these products will be increasingly important for the success of all cultured cell applications in the future.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2019.12.003

    Reference:

    Rischer, H., Szilvay, G. R., & Oksman-Caldentey, K.-M. (2020). Cellular agriculture—Industrial biotechnology for food and materials. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 61, 128–134.

  • Innovative Insulation Materials: A Comprehensive Review of Current Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions in Sustainable Building Technologies

    Innovative Insulation Materials: A Comprehensive Review of Current Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions in Sustainable Building Technologies

    The quest for the perfect building envelope has moved far beyond simple foam or fiberglass; it is now at the cutting edge of material science and digital manufacturing.

    This research redefines how we should view insulation, shifting the focus from mere energy conservation to a “quadruple-bottom-line” approach that weighs environmental, health, and economic impacts alongside thermal performance.

    The study aims to map the radical evolution of these materials, moving from basic sound and heat barriers to “active” solutions that literally reshape our living environments.

    The authors employ a comprehensive review methodology, classifying materials into traditional, bio-based, and advanced “smart” categories. They specifically analyze how digitalization and nanotechnology are transforming production, allowing for the creation of liquid insulation and bio-based composites that offer a much lower carbon footprint than their petroleum-based predecessors.

    The findings highlight that emerging nanotechnology-enabled and adaptive insulation technologies don’t just reduce greenhouse gas emissions; they also fundamentally improve indoor air quality and occupant health.

    Ultimately, the study concludes that as we face accelerating climate change, these advanced insulation materials will be the “quiet heroes” of sustainable construction, proving that the future of building technology is as much about what is inside our walls as what is on top of them.

    Learn more about this study here: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/25740881.2025.2472378

    Reference

    Erzen, B., Karataş, M., Orhan, R., & Aydoğmuş, E. (2025). Innovative Insulation Materials: A Comprehensive Review of Current Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions in Sustainable Building Technologies. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials, 64(10), 1538–1561

  • Circular Economy Practices in the Built Environment

    Circular Economy Practices in the Built Environment

    We cannot simply build our way out of the climate crisis by replacing old structures with new “green” ones.

    This comprehensive review of nearly 300 studies reveals that true urban sustainability lies in the Circular Economy, a system that prioritizes reducing the need for new resources over merely recycling ones.

    The research moves beyond the traditional building site to propose a radical integration of city and countryside trough urban-rural symbiosis.

    By viewing waste, water, and energy as interconnected systems that can be recovered and shared across the urban-rural divide, cities can drastically lower their carbon footprints.

    Learn more about this review here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124215

    Reference

    Joensuu, T., Edelman, H., & Saari, A. (2020). Circular economy practices in the built environment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 276, 124215.

  • Sustainable Agriculture and Its Implementation Gap—Overcoming Obstacles to Implementation

    There is a considerable amount of bibliography addressing how farming can be more sustainable, yet there is still a massive difference between what we talk about and what actually gets done.

    While there is no shortage of studies arguing that sustainable agriculture is necessary and showing how to reach it, a significant “implementation gap” remains. This gap is created by a mix of hurdles (ranging from personal beliefs to everyday practical issues) that slow down progress and make real-world changes difficult.

    This study looks closely at these obstacles and searches for ways to move past them to improve how sustainable ideas are put into practice. Since these challenges are so complex and messy, there isn’t a simple or easy fix that works for everyone. Instead, we need a much bigger approach that involves everyone from different sectors.

    This means focusing on areas like building better institutions, improving education, and securing the right social and political support. Ultimately, closing this gap and making these recommendations work requires people from different fields to work together and ensures that everyone involved is pulling in the same direction.

    You can learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093853

    Reference:

    Siebrecht, N. (2020). Sustainable Agriculture and Its Implementation Gap—Overcoming Obstacles to Implementation. Sustainability, 12(9), 3853.

  • Manipulating Amino Acid Metabolism to Improve Crop Nitrogen Use Efficiency for a Sustainable Agriculture

    While global food demand continues to rise, improving how crops use nitrogen is essential for building a sustainable agricultural system. This researche points out that the core challenge is to increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) while simultaneously reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied to fields.

    According to the study, although traditional genetic methods have identified certain areas of the genome that control nitrogen use under low-nutrient conditions, pinpointing the specific candidate genes from these mapping studies remains difficult.

    The author highlights that amino acid metabolism is the “cornerstone” of nitrogen management in plants, as it governs how nitrogen is taken up, assimilated, and moved throughout the plant during its growth and response to stress.

    Over the past twenty years, the study notes that biotechnological engineering of these metabolic pathways has shown promising results for improving crop efficiency, particularly in environments where nitrogen is scarce.

    Ultimately, the review summarizes current progress in the field and offers new perspectives on identifying candidate genes and developing future strategies for crop improvement.

    Learn more about this review here: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.602548

    Reference:

    Dellero, Y. (2020). Manipulating Amino Acid Metabolism to Improve Crop Nitrogen Use Efficiency for a Sustainable Agriculture. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 602548.

  • Building Information Modelling and Building Sustainability Assessment: A Review

    Building Information Modelling and Building Sustainability Assessment: A Review

    As we strive for a more sustainable built environment, the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is emerging as a powerful tool for streamlining how we measure and certify a building’s green credentials.

    This research explores the synergy between digital modeling and Building Sustainability Assessment (BSA), aiming to identify exactly how BIM can support the rigorous certification methods used to evaluate a building’s environmental impact.

    To do this, the authors conducted an extensive literature review covering research from 2009 to 2020, revealing a significant spike in academic interest over the last few years as the industry pushes for more data-driven sustainability solutions.

    The findings show that BIM is incredibly effective at handling the quantitative data required for these certifications, particularly when it comes to managing materials and resources. However, a fully automated, “all-in-one” analysis remains out of reach for now; the study points to persistent challenges such as “interoperability” issues between different software and a lack of clear information in some sustainability requirements.

    Ultimately, the research concludes that while we aren’t yet at a point of seamless integration, the potential for BIM to revolutionize waste management and material efficiency is vast. The paper serves as both a progress report and a roadmap, urging for more compatible software systems that can turn a building’s digital twin into a true barometer for its long-term sustainability.

    Learn more about this paper here: https://doi.org/10.1108/FEBE-08-2021-0038

    Reference

    Nairne Schamne A, Nagalli A, Soeiro AAV (2022), “Building information modelling and building sustainability assessment: a review”. Frontiers in Engineering and Built Environment, Vol. 2 No. 1 pp. 22–33

  • Introducing the Power of Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms in Soilless Systems: A Promising Alternative for Sustainable Agriculture

    While soilless farming like hydroponics is a great way to save space and water, removing the soil matrix creates unique hurdles, such as the need for precise nutrient management and a lack of natural defences against disease. This research point out that plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) are emerging as a powerful solution to bridge this gap.

    According to the study, well-known bacteria like Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Azospirillum can actually reshape a plant’s root structure, making it more efficient at absorbing nutrients even in water-based environments.

    The authors highlight that these microbes can act as a “rescue” system, helping plants survive high salinity or nutrient deficiencies that would otherwise ruin a crop. Furthermore, they note that certain fungi, like Trichoderma, serve as natural bodyguards in hydroponic systems by attacking pathogens directly and triggering the plant’s own immune system.

    In aquaponic setups—where fish and plants grow together in a shared loop—the researchers found that adding specific beneficial bacteria can actually increase dissolved oxygen and improve water quality, benefiting the metabolism of both the plants and the fish.

    Ultimately, the authors conclude that because these microbes react differently depending on the specific growing media used, success depends on a tailored approach. They argue that mastering these microscopic partnerships is essential for making soil-free farming a reliable and sustainable pillar of global food production.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075959

    Reference:

    Mourouzidou, S., Ntinas, G. K., Tsaballa, A., & Monokrousos, N. (2023). Introducing the Power of Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms in Soilless Systems: A Promising Alternative for Sustainable Agriculture. Sustainability, 15(7), 5959.

  • Recent advances and remaining barriers to producing novel formulations of fungicides for safe and sustainable agriculture

    While humans have been in a billion-year battle with resilient fungi since the dawn of farming, our modern weapons—fungicides—have become a double-edged sword. While these chemicals have been the cornerstone of boosting agricultural productivity, the researchers point out that their over-usage has led to serious health and environmental consequences.

    As our global population grows and climate change makes crops more vulnerable, the study emphasizes the urgent need for a new generation of “smart” and eco-friendly formulations to combat increasing fungal resistance.

    In this review, the authors provide a deep dive into the state of the art in fungicide technology, specifically focusing on the treatments used against the world’s ten most significant fungal pathogens (such as Magnaporthe oryzae and Botrytis cinerea).

    They highlight that while the current research trend is shifting toward eco-friendly options, we are still facing a major “knowledge gap.” Specifically, the researchers note that there are very few studies tracking the ultimate fate of nano-shells in the soil or how these materials redistribute within plants after they are absorbed.

    According to the study, without a holistic understanding of how these new technologies impact human and environmental exposure, we cannot fully ensure that our transition to sustainable agriculture is truly safe.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.035

    Reference:

    Tleuova, A. B., Wielogorska, E., Talluri, V. S. S. L. P., Štěpánek, F., Elliott, C. T., & Grigoriev, D. O. (2020). Recent advances and remaining barriers to producing novel formulations of fungicides for safe and sustainable agriculture. Journal of Controlled Release, 326, 468–481.

  • Genome Edited Crops Touch the Market: A View on the Global Development and Regulatory Environment

    Genome editing, identified as a promising New Plant Breeding Technology (NPBT), has transitioned rapidly from laboratory research to commercial markets.

    This research point out that global activities in this field are expanding, with an increasing number of plants featuring market-oriented traits being developed and the first products already released to the market.

    According to the study, the legislative landscape varies significantly by region, with a few countries—primarily in the Americas—having already adapted their laws or released specific guidelines to support the technology.

    In contrast, other nations are still debating their regulatory paths due to a lack of legal clarity or a renewed debate surrounding Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). The authors highlight that between 2017 and 2020, eight countries introduced guidelines to clarify the legal status of genome-edited products, with many committed to international policy harmonization.

    Ultimately, this publication provides an overview of the current and potential future international regulatory environment while updating the status of genome-edited plants with market-oriented traits.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.586027

    Reference:

    Menz, J., Modrzejewski, D., Hartung, F., Wilhelm, R., & Sprink, T. (2020). Genome Edited Crops Touch the Market: A View on the Global Development and Regulatory Environment. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 586027.

  • Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) with Biofilm-Forming Ability: A Multifaceted Agent for Sustainable Agriculture

    While we often think of bacteria as something to avoid, certain beneficial microbes are actually nature’s way of building a “protective umbrella” for our crops.

    Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) not only boost growth but also shield plants from the harsh realities of pests, diseases, and extreme weather. According to the study, the secret to their success lies in their ability to form biofilms—complex, sticky communities that allow the bacteria to firmly attach to roots and leaves.

    This research highlights that these biofilms act as a shield, helping the bacteria survive tough conditions while making it easier for the plant to take in nutrients from the soil. By successfully competing with harmful microorganisms, these bacterial layers ensure that the plant stays healthy and productive.

    The review explores the specific factors that trigger the formation of these biofilms and how they can be used to create more effective, eco-friendly farming treatments. Ultimately, the researchers argue that mastering these microscopic structures is a vital step toward making sustainable agriculture both reliable and widespread.

    Learn more about this review here: https://doi.org/10.3390/d15010112

    Reference:

    Ajijah, N., Fiodor, A., Pandey, A. K., Rana, A., & Pranaw, K. (2023). Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) with Biofilm-Forming Ability: A Multifaceted Agent for Sustainable Agriculture. Diversity, 15(1), 112.

  • Farmers intention to adopt sustainable agriculture hinges on climate awareness: The case of Vietnamese coffee

    While climate change is often discussed in global terms, for major cash crops like coffee, adopting sustainable practices is no longer an option but a necessity for adapting to a changing environment.

    To understand what motivates farmers to make these changes, the study analyzed 93 interviews in Ban Me Thuot, exploring how social pressure, personal confidence, and past experiences shape a farmer’s decision-making process.

    According to the study, a farmer’s intention to adopt green practices is heavily driven by the expectations of their community and their own belief in their ability to successfully manage the work. The authors highlight that how a farmer perceives the reality of climate change acts as a powerful lens that influences all of these behavioral factors.

    One of the most significant findings is that social trust and financial control are closely linked—farmers who trust their social circles and the scientific data they receive feel more capable of handling the financial costs of transitioning to sustainable methods.

    Ultimately, the researchers emphasize the need to raise climate awareness while building stronger bonds of trust in both scientific information and community relationships to ensure that sustainable farming becomes the standard.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126828

    Reference:

    Nguyen, N., & Drakou, E. G. (2021). Farmers intention to adopt sustainable agriculture hinges on climate awareness: The case of Vietnamese coffee. Journal of Cleaner Production, 303, 126828.

  • Masonry in the Context of Sustainable Buildings: A Review of the Brick Role in Architecture

    Masonry in the Context of Sustainable Buildings: A Review of the Brick Role in Architecture

    Is the secret to the sustainable future hidden in our prehistoric past? This research takes us on a journey from ancient dry-stone walss to modern brick constructions, proving that masonry remains the “gold standard” for sustainable structures. Far from being a relic of history, brick and stone are described as environmentally intelligent materials that provide natural temperature control and unmatched longevity.

    By reviewing the evolution of masonry styles (from the Colosseum to the high-tech facades of nowadays) the authors demonstrate that choosing maronry isn’t just an aesthectic choice; it’s a strategy for reducing a building’s total lifecycle carbon footprint.

    In a world of “disposable” architecture, the study invites us to return to the massive wall as a tool for creating a built environment that is resilient, energy-efficient, and capable of standing for centuries.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3390/su142214734

    Reference

    Almssad, A., Almusaed, A., & Homod, R. Z. (2022). Masonry in the Context of Sustainable Buildings: A Review of the Brick Role in Architecture. Sustainability, 14(22), 14734

  • Developing a Sustainable and Circular Bio-Based Economy in EU: By Partnering Across Sectors, Upscaling and Using New Knowledge Faster, and For the Benefit of Climate, Environment & Biodiversity, and People & Business

    Overview of the development of the EU bioeconomy between 2014 and 2020, the vision for a new Circular Bio-based Economy (CBE), aims to unlock the full potential of sustainably sourced biomass, crop residues, and industrial waste by transforming them into value-added products such as food, feed, bio-based chemicals, and fuels.

    According to the study, the pillars of the CBE include biotechnology, microbial production, enzyme technology, and green chemistry, all supported by public-private partnerships and conducive policy frameworks.The study analyzes key drivers of the CBE, including biomass supply, biorefineries, and the critical need for climate change mitigation and biodiversity preservation.

    The authors explain that while improved framework conditions can act as drivers, they may also become obstacles if they are not updated to accommodate circularity. Within the BBI-JU project portfolio, the researchers highlight a significant expansion into terrestrial and aquatic feedstocks, along with a broadening of the product portfolio to include high-value, health-promoting products for humans, animals, and soil.

    The authors highlight that, unlike fossil resources, biological resources are available worldwide, allowing the CBE to be implemented in a just manner that stimulates rural development. The study concludes with recommendations for international collaborations, such as expanding partnerships between the EU and Africa to foster mutual growth in the circular bio-based sector.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.619066

    Reference:

    Lange, L., Connor, K. O., Arason, S., Bundgård-Jørgensen, U., Canalis, A., Carrez, D., Gallagher, J., Gøtke, N., Huyghe, C., Jarry, B., Llorente, P., Marinova, M., Martins, L. O., Mengal, P., Paiano, P., Panoutsou, C., Rodrigues, L., Stengel, D. B., Van Der Meer, Y., & Vieira, H. (2021). Developing a Sustainable and Circular Bio-Based Economy in EU: By Partnering Across Sectors, Upscaling and Using New Knowledge Faster, and For the Benefit of Climate, Environment & Biodiversity, and People & Business. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 8, 619066.

  • How to innovate business models for a circular bio‐economy?

    Transitioning from a linear “take-make-dispose” economy to a sustainable system requires new business models that can valorize renewable resource streams currently treated as waste.

    This study aimed to identify the critical success and risk factors for eco-innovative businesses that process unavoidable agricultural waste or by-products. By analyzing 39 cases through interviews and secondary data, the study evaluated various initiatives based on their objectives, resources, and the external and internal factors that influenced them over time.

    The study identifies five major categories for these factors: technical and logistic; economic, financial and marketing; organizational and spatial; institutional and legal; and environmental, social and cultural.

    Specifically for the agricultural sector, the authors highlight several key elements, such as innovative conversion technologies, flexible logistics, joint R&D investments, and the price competitiveness of bio-based products. They also emphasize the roles of partnerships with research organizations, space availability, subsidies, waste management regulations, and the involvement and acceptance of local stakeholders.

    Ultimately, the researchers conclude that shifting to circular agro-food chains requires individual businesses to evolve into more dynamic and integrated models, with the macro-environment setting the necessary boundary conditions for success.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105236

    Reference:

    Donner, M., & De Vries, H. (2021). How to innovate business models for a circular bio‐economy? Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(4), 1932–1947.

  • Empowering small farmers for sustainable agriculture: A human resource approach to SDG-driven training and innovation

    While technical tools are essential, most powerful engine for green farming might actually be the people behind the plow. In the face of a global push for sustainable agriculture, governments and organizations urgently need to provide farmers with the knowledge required to meet the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

    However, they argue that understanding exactly how training leads to real-world change among small-scale farmers remains a difficult challenge. By taking a human resource approach, the study examines the connections between training effectiveness and the specific psychological and demographic traits of the farmers themselves.

    After surveying 331 small farmers involved in a large government-led program, the authors found that success isn’t just about a single lesson; instead, it requires long-term exposure to training, a genuine inner motivation to learn, and the farmers’ own capacity to innovate.

    The researchers demonstrate that these factors together make training programs much more effective, helping to drive the widespread adoption of sustainable habits. Ultimately, the authors provide a new model—grounded in theories of motivation and education—that explains how the quality of training and a farmer’s mindset work together to achieve global sustainability targets.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-11-2023-0655

    Reference:

    Pandey, S. C., Modi, P., Pereira, V., & Fosso Wamba, S. (2025). Empowering small farmers for sustainable agriculture: A human resource approach to SDG-driven training and innovation. International Journal of Manpower, 46(4), 652–675.

  • Hypes, hopes, and the way forward for microalgal biotechnology

    Urge for food security and sustainability has propelled the field of microalgal biotechnology. These microorganisms can grow using light, fertilizers, sugars, CO2, and seawater, providing significant potential as a feedstock for food, feed, energy, and chemicals.

    Microalgae grow faster and have higher areal productivity than traditional plant crops without competing for agricultural land, while also achieving 100% efficiency in fertilizer uptake.

    According to the study, microalgae show higher land-use efficiency compared to bacterial, fungal, and yeast single-cell protein production. The authors provide insights into the potential of microalgae to replace commodities such as soy protein, fish oil, and palm oil.

    Additionally, the researchers highlight the role of microalgae as cell factories in modern industrial biotechnology for producing designer feed, recombinant proteins, biopharmaceuticals, and vaccines.

    Learn more about this study: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.12.017

    Reference:

    Barbosa, M. J., Janssen, M., Südfeld, C., D’Adamo, S., & Wijffels, R. H. (2023). Hypes, hopes, and the way forward for microalgal biotechnology. Trends in Biotechnology, 41(3), 452–471.

  • Recent Advances in Nano-Enabled Seed Treatment Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture: Challenges, Risk Assessment, and Future Perspectives

    While the journey of a crop begins with a single seed, this tiny starting point is often the most vulnerable to the harsh environmental stresses that threaten our global food supply.

    While traditional chemical treatments can boost germination, they frequently cause lasting damage to our ecosystems, creating an urgent need for more sustainable technologies like nano-based agrochemicals. According to the study, these advanced materials can improve seed viability while reducing the toxic side effects of standard treatments by allowing for a more controlled release of active ingredients.

    However, moving these technologies into the field raises significant questions regarding safety, exposure levels, and potential risks to both human health and the environment. In this comprehensive review, the researchers discuss the development and scope of these treatments while carefully assessing the obstacles to their widespread use and commercial potential.

    The pressing need for new policy regulations to manage these risks effectively. Ultimately, the authors present this work as a foundation for understanding the next generation of seed treatments, aiming to provide a deeper look at how nanotechnology could reshape farming while acknowledging the safety challenges we must still overcome.

    Learn more about this study: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01025-5

    Reference:

    Shelar, A., Nile, S. H., Singh, A. V., Rothenstein, D., Bill, J., Xiao, J., Chaskar, M., Kai, G., & Patil, R. (2023). Recent Advances in Nano-Enabled Seed Treatment Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture: Challenges, Risk Assessment, and Future Perspectives. Nano-Micro Letters, 15(1), 54.

  • Biostimulants: A sufficiently effective tool for sustainable agriculture in the era of climate change?

    In an era of global instability and climate crisis, finding ways to protect our food supply without harming the planet has never been more urgent. Climate change is currently a primary concern for the agricultural sector because it directly limits both the quantity and quality of our crops.

    International political instability and ongoing conflicts are adding even more pressure on farmers to boost productivity quickly and sustainably. According to the researchers, biostimulants can be an effective tool in this fight by helping plants survive harsh environmental conditions like drought, high salt levels, heavy metals, and extreme temperatures.

    The study describes how these substances work through complex internal mechanisms, such as changing gene expression, adjusting metabolism, and boosting the production of natural antioxidants to protect the plant from oxidative stress.

    However, the authors also take a critical view, noting that the use of biostimulants has its limitations and should not be seen as a magic bullet. They emphasize that these tools must be used alongside proper crop management and other sustainable resources to truly ensure reliable yields.

    Ultimately, the researchers argue for a broader, more integrated vision of sustainable agriculture that acknowledges both the potential and the boundaries of these technologies in our changing climate.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108699

    Reference:

    Zulfiqar, F., Moosa, A., Ali, H. M., Bermejo, N. F., & Munné-Bosch, S. (2024). Biostimulants: A sufficiently effective tool for sustainable agriculture in the era of climate change? Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 211, 108699.

  • Enhancing climate change resilience in agricultural crops

    Climate change poses a significant threat to global food and nutritional security by negatively affecting crop growth and agricultural productivity.

    Many countries have adopted ambitious mitigation and adaptation targets that require major changes to existing agri-food systems, which may further complicate these challenges. To address this, the study provides a roadmap for improved crop production that focuses on the effective transfer of scientific knowledge into plant breeding and crop management strategies.

    This approach is intended to support sustainable agricultural intensification and enhance climate resilience. While the authors identify key problem areas and highlight potential solutions to mitigate the impacts of climate change, they note that the translation of scientific advances into actual crop production lags far behind current knowledge and technology.

    Ultimately, the researchers suggest that a holistic approach—combining different disciplines through collaborative efforts—can create better connections between research, policy, and the needs of society.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.028

    Reference:

    Benitez-Alfonso, Y., Soanes, B. K., Zimba, S., Sinanaj, B., German, L., Sharma, V., Bohra, A., Kolesnikova, A., Dunn, J. A., Martin, A. C., Khashi U Rahman, M., Saati-Santamaría, Z., García-Fraile, P., Ferreira, E. A., Frazão, L. A., Cowling, W. A., Siddique, K. H. M., Pandey, M. K., Farooq, M., … Foyer, C. H. (2023). Enhancing climate change resilience in agricultural crops. Current Biology, 33(23), R1246–R1261.

  • Fungi of the Trichoderma Genus: Future Perspectives of Benefits in Sustainable Agriculture

    The negative impact of chemical pesticides on the environment and human health has contributed to the introduction of legal regulations that ensure the reduction in the use of agrochemicals in favor of biological products.

    The existing review of the literature, including our research, clearly shows that the ideal biocontrol agents are Trichoderma fungi. The production of antibiotics, lytic enzymes degrading the cell walls of plant pathogens, or inducing a defense response in plants are just some of the features supporting the wide use of these microorganisms in sustainable agriculture.

    It is estimated that currently about 60% of biofungicides used to eliminate fungal pathogens are produced based on Trichoderma sp. strains.

    Learn more about this review here: https://doi.org/10.3390/app13116434

    Reference:

    Kubiak, A., Wolna-Maruwka, A., Pilarska, A. A., Niewiadomska, A., & Piotrowska-Cyplik, A. (2023). Fungi of the Trichoderma Genus: Future Perspectives of Benefits in Sustainable Agriculture. Applied Sciences, 13(11), 6434.

  • R&D Collaboration, Competitiveness Development, and Open Innovation in R&D

    While the competitiveness of the agro-industrial sector is tied to its specific performance, it also depends heavily on the character and degree of innovation.

    Research and development (R&D) collaboration is a vital tool for helping agri-food companies integrate biotechnology and offer innovative products, which adds value and differentiation within the biobased value-chain.

    To support their developed R&D collaboration model, this study conducted a diagnosis of biotechnological tools used for food safety, quality, health, and the creation of new ingredients, integrating survey results from partners within an agri-food Association.

    The results reveal that micro-businesses in the wine, fruticulture, and olive culture subsectors do not develop biotechnology research internally. According to the survey, only 27.3% of these companies claimed to have developed research activities in partnership with external research centers, and none were associated with higher education institutions.

    The authors highlight that the most significant barriers to implementing biotechnology are limited access to capital and a lack of specialized human resources. Ultimately, these findings reinforced the need for a specifically designed R&D collaboration strategy to help these small businesses overcome such obstacles.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040116

    Reference:

    Paiva, T., Ribeiro, M., & Coutinho, P. (2020). R&D Collaboration, Competitiveness Development, and Open Innovation in R&D. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(4), 116.

  • A scoping review on incentives for adoption of sustainable agricultural practices and their outcomes

    We need to change how we farm to protect the planet, the real challenge lies in understanding what actually convinces a farmer to make that switch.

    As the pressure to feed a growing world increases, moving toward sustainable practices is no longer optional. In this massive scoping review of nearly 18,000 papers, the study examines how different incentives motivate farmers and whether these programs lead to real-world results for the environment and the economy.

    The authors found that, regardless of the specific incentive, programs offering short-term financial boosts are adopted much faster than those that only focus on ecological benefits. However, when looking at the long term, the researchers found that farmers are most likely to stick with sustainable methods if they believe it will truly benefit their own land or the environment.

    The study also highlights that simply offering money isn’t enough; technical assistance and hands-on support are essential for success. Ultimately, the authors conclude that policies work best when they are tailored to the specific people they are meant to help and when they carefully manage the balance between profit, social needs, and environmental health.

    Learn more about this study: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-00617-y

    Reference:

    Piñeiro, V., Arias, J., Dürr, J., Elverdin, P., Ibáñez, A. M., Kinengyere, A., Opazo, C. M., Owoo, N., Page, J. R., Prager, S. D., & Torero, M. (2020). A scoping review on incentives for adoption of sustainable agricultural practices and their outcomes. Nature Sustainability, 3(10), 809–820.

  • Effect of Bio-Based Products on Waste Management

    End-of-life management for bio-based products focuses on recycling as a primary method to reduce landfilling. These materials are advantageous because they primarily utilize renewable resources.

    Bioplastics are suitable for several waste management paths, including reuse, mechanical recycling, organic recycling, and energy recovery. The researchers note that current volumes of bio-based waste can be recycled alongside conventional waste, and that using compostable products strengthens industrial composting options.

    The study highlights that if reuse or recycling is no longer possible, these products can be used to produce bio-energy. To improve future management, the authors suggest developing methods for valorization and integrating technologies with existing composting and anaerobic digestion infrastructure as part of biorefineries.

    The researchers also mention the option of separating bio-based products from plastic waste to protect the effectiveness of chemical recycling. Finally, the article concludes that for organic recycling through composting to be viable, safe production conditions must be established and compost should lose its “waste status” to promote the process.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12052088

    Reference:

    Wojnowska-Baryła, I., Kulikowska, D., & Bernat, K. (2020). Effect of Bio-Based Products on Waste Management. Sustainability, 12(5), 2088.

  • Role of New Plant Breeding Technologies for Food Security and Sustainable Agricultural Development

    While the Green Revolution changed how we feed the world, new breeding technologies are now needed to address its shortcomings and secure a more sustainable future. These new tools, which include both genetically modified and gene-edited crops, offer significant potential for agricultural development and global food security.

    In this article, the author reviews the risks and the actual impacts observed so far, while also diving into the complex world of regulations. He notes that while the science behind these breakthroughs is exciting and already showing clear benefits, progress is often stalled by overregulation and public misunderstandings.

    The study highlights that strict rules in Europe are particularly problematic, as they also affect developing countries in Africa and Asia that could benefit the most from these advancements. Ultimately, the author argues that for these technologies to truly help us meet our goals, we need significant regulatory reforms and a public debate that is grounded in scientific evidence rather than perception.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13044

    Reference:

    Qaim, M. (2020). Role of New Plant Breeding Technologies for Food Security and Sustainable Agricultural Development. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 42(2), 129–150.

  • Plant biodiversity promotes sustainable agriculture directly and via belowground effects

    While the link between plant biodiversity and healthy ecosystems is well known, we are only beginning to understand how much of this success depends on the invisible world of soil microbes.

    The way a plant community is structured directly influences the diversity of microbes in the soil, which in turn supports the very functions we need for sustainable agriculture. In this paper, the researchers outline both the direct “plant-driven” effects and the microbe-mediated mechanisms that contribute to a positive relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.

    They identify how this knowledge can be applied to plant diversification strategies to strengthen agroecosystems, which are often poor in species and highly vulnerable to environmental stress.

    As we face global change and the overexploitation of resources, the authors argue that bridging the gap between biodiversity science and actual farming practices is essential for ensuring food security in the Anthropocene.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2022.02.003

    Reference:

    Cappelli, S. L., Domeignoz-Horta, L. A., Loaiza, V., & Laine, A.-L. (2022). Plant biodiversity promotes sustainable agriculture directly and via belowground effects. Trends in Plant Science, 27(7), 674–687.

  • Production of Sustainable and Biodegradable Polymers from Agricultural Waste

    Agricultural wastes—derived from sources such as grape and tomato pomace, fruit peels, sugarcane bagasse, rice husks, and wheat straw—serve as carbon-rich precursors for producing bio-based polymers. These materials are processed through microbial synthesis, biopolymer blending, and chemical methods.

    Developing these alternatives is essential given that less than 9% of the 400 million tons of synthetic plastics produced annually are recycled, contributing to significant global pollution.

    This study points out that while chemical synthesis often involves alkali and acid treatments, microbial synthesis from renewable sources is more scalable and environmentally friendly. The researchers highlight that a polymer’s optical, mechanical, and chemical properties—including UV absorbance, tensile strength, and water permeability—are directly influenced by the chosen synthetic route.

    Although these bio-based materials have potential applications in smart food packaging, construction, and medicine, the author notes that commercial production is currently hindered by high costs, production economics, concerns over useful life and biodegradation, and the availability of sufficient waste materials. Ultimately, the researcher concludes that new, cost-effective techniques are critical for replacing synthetic polymers with bio-based alternatives.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12051127

    Reference:

    Maraveas, C. (2020). Production of Sustainable and Biodegradable Polymers from Agricultural Waste. Polymers, 12(5), 1127.

  • Long-term evidence for ecological intensification as a pathway to sustainable agriculture

    While we often look for high-tech solutions to fix our food systems, returning to ecological principles might be the most reliable way to keep agriculture within a “safe operating space” for humanity.

    By applying a new type of analysis to data from 30 long-term experiments across Europe and Africa, different ecological intensification practices interact with each other, as well as with nitrogen fertilizer and tillage. Specific methods—such as increasing crop diversity and adding organic matter or fertility-building crops—generally lead to higher yields for staple foods.

    However, the study reveals an important trade-off: these ecological practices have a largely substitutive relationship with nitrogen fertilizer. This means that while they significantly increase yields when fertilizer doses are low, they have minimal or no effect when high amounts of fertilizer are already being used.

    The authors also point out that these ecological methods perform consistently across various levels of tillage, and they found that reducing tillage did not strongly impact overall yields. Ultimately, the researchers suggest that focusing on these ecological strategies offers a proven pathway toward more sustainable and resilient farming.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-022-00911-x

    Reference:

    MacLaren, C., Mead, A., Van Balen, D., Claessens, L., Etana, A., De Haan, J., Haagsma, W., Jäck, O., Keller, T., Labuschagne, J., Myrbeck, Å., Necpalova, M., Nziguheba, G., Six, J., Strauss, J., Swanepoel, P. A., Thierfelder, C., Topp, C., Tshuma, F., … Storkey, J. (2022). Long-term evidence for ecological intensification as a pathway to sustainable agriculture. Nature Sustainability, 5(9), 770–779.

  • The role of renewable energy and natural resources for sustainable agriculture in ASEAN countries: Do carbon emissions and deforestation affect agriculture productivity?

    The shift toward the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015 put a global spotlight on how we manage our planet, in Southeast Asia, environmental damage is already taking a measurable toll on the region’s ability to produce food.

    Agricultural productivity—a vital part of reaching those global goals—is impacted by factors like carbon emissions, deforestation, and the use of renewable energy across the ten ASEAN countries. By analyzing regional data, the researchers found that environmental degradation, specifically through CO2emissions, directly reduces agricultural productivity in the area.

    Interestingly, the authors point out that both forest area and natural resource variables also show a negative effect on the sector’s productivity in this specific context, while the shift toward renewable energy sources provides a clear positive contribution.

    Even though these countries are some of the most integrated in the world, the study reveals that regional cooperation has not yet managed to boost agricultural output. The researchers also confirmed a strong two-way relationship between the use of renewable energy and farming success.

    Ultimately, the authors provide specific policy recommendations for governments in the region to help them improve their environmental performance and meet their 2030 sustainability targets.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102578

    Reference:

    Chopra, R., Magazzino, C., Shah, M. I., Sharma, G. D., Rao, A., & Shahzad, U. (2022). The role of renewable energy and natural resources for sustainable agriculture in ASEAN countries: Do carbon emissions and deforestation affect agriculture productivity? Resources Policy, 76, 102578.

  • Bacillus as a source of phytohormones for use in agriculture

    Microbial plant biostimulants are an efficient tool in sustainable agriculture because they improve crop productivity and quality by activating a plant’s physiological and molecular processes.

    Through the production of phytohormones, these biostimulants regulate plant processes and offer an efficient alternative for the industrial production of these hormones. The bacterial genus Bacillus includes various species already on the market as biopesticides due to their ability to produce antimicrobial, nematicidal, and insecticidal compounds.

    According to the study, the ability of Bacillus to protect plants against pests and pathogens involves triggering or increasing the plant’s own defense responses. The authors highlight that many species in this genus also promote plant growth by increasing host tolerance to abiotic stress and improving plant nutrition.

    The researchers emphasize that these responses are often mediated by the bacterial production of phytohormones. This review summarizes recent studies on hormone production by Bacillus, highlighting their role in promoting development and improving the plant’s response to various stresses.

    Learn more about the study here: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11492-8

    Reference:

    Poveda, J., & González-Andrés, F. (2021). Bacillus as a source of phytohormones for use in agriculture. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 105(23), 8629–8645.

  • Plant-Microbe Interaction in Sustainable Agriculture: The Factors That May Influence the Efficacy of PGPM Application

    While the world is under pressure to produce more food than ever, our long-term reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides has left a trail of environmental damage that we can no longer ignore.

    To meet the soaring global food demand in the coming decades, we need farming systems that are both more productive and more efficient than those of the past. Recent studies have identified plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPMs) as a powerful, eco-friendly alternative that could eventually replace many products from the chemical industry.

    However, the authors explain that these natural solutions often produce inconsistent results in the field because of the incredibly complex relationships they form with the surrounding environment, the soil, and other existing microorganisms. Because these biological interactions—involving both living and non-living factors—are so intricate, the effectiveness of these treatments can vary significantly.

    In this review, the authors analyze the primary factors that determine how well these microbes actually work and explore the specific ways they can be used to drive a successful transition toward agroecology. Ultimately, the researchers aim to provide a clearer understanding of how these microbes can be turned into a reliable tool for a more sustainable agricultural future.

    Learn more about this review here: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042253

    Reference:

    Malgioglio, G., Rizzo, G. F., Nigro, S., Lefebvre Du Prey, V., Herforth-Rahmé, J., Catara, V., & Branca, F. (2022). Plant-Microbe Interaction in Sustainable Agriculture: The Factors That May Influence the Efficacy of PGPM Application. Sustainability, 14(4), 2253.

  • Advancing Sustainable Agriculture: A Comprehensive Review for Optimizing Food Production and Environmental Conservation

    Advances in sustainable agriculture are essential for simultaneously optimizing food production and preserving the environment. As the global population increases, ensuring food security has become a paramount issue.

    While conventional farming techniques are effective for mass production, they pose serious threats to sustainability due to excessive resource use, pollution, and the degradation of biodiversity. According to the review, sustainable agriculture promotes practices that are environmentally friendly, economically viable, and socially equitable.

    The researchers highlight the application of advanced technologies, including precision farming, genetically modified crops for higher yield and disease resistance, and the integration of renewable energy sources. The authors also emphasize agroecological practices such as crop rotation, organic farming, and agroforestry, which contribute to enhancing soil fertility and reducing the use of synthetic pesticides.

    Furthermore, the study supports the use of local resources and traditional knowledge to maintain ecological balance. Finally, the review underscores the crucial role of policy support, farmer training, and public awareness in promoting these practices, concluding that the adoption of sustainable agriculture is a necessity for ensuring future food security and environmental conservation.

    Learn more about this study: https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i163169

    Reference:

    Saikanth, D. R. K., Supriya, Singh, B. V., Rai, A. K., Bana, S. R., Sachan, D. S., & Singh, B. (2023). Advancing Sustainable Agriculture: A Comprehensive Review for Optimizing Food Production and Environmental Conservation. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 35(16), 417–425.

  • Toward a Sustainable Agriculture Through Plant Biostimulants: From Experimental Data to Practical Applications. Agronomy

    While modern farming has long relied on synthetic chemicals, a shift toward natural alternatives is now essential to meet new international regulations and the growing consumer demand for food without toxic residues.

    Plant biostimulants—which include beneficial microbes like certain bacteria as well as non-microbial substances like seaweed extracts and silicon—offer a sustainable way to complement or even replace traditional fertilizers and pesticides.

    According to the study, these natural tools provide a wide range of benefits for the environment, biodiversity, and human health while also supporting the economy. This collection of research highlights how these biostimulants can significantly improve seedling growth, crop performance, and the overall quality of the harvest.

    Furthermore, the authors emphasize that these substances help plants become much more resilient against environmental stresses such as drought, high temperatures, and poor soil nutrients. By compiling dozens of scientific papers, the researchers aim to foster a better exchange of knowledge between scientists, the fertilizer industry, and farmers.

    They conclude that understanding the inner workings of these biostimulants is key to successfully putting them into practice across different types of farming systems.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101461

    Reference:

    Rouphael, Y., & Colla, G. (2020). Toward a Sustainable Agriculture Through Plant Biostimulants: From Experimental Data to Practical Applications. Agronomy, 10(10), 1461.

  • Nanotechnology Potential in Seed Priming for Sustainable Agriculture. Nanomaterials

    While we often look for ways to protect plants as they grow, the real secret to a sustainable agricultural revolution might actually start much earlier, hidden inside the seed itself.

    Our current farming systems are under constant threat from climate change and the loss of natural resources, making it urgent to find new ways to produce safe, high-quality food.

    Nanotechnology as a major contributor to this effort, specifically through a process known as “seed nano-priming.” This method is more than just a quick boost for sprouting; the authors argue that it changes the seed’s internal metabolism and signaling pathways, which benefits the plant throughout its entire life cycle.

    According to the study, this technology leads to better growth, higher productivity, and even more nutritious food for consumers. The researchers explain that by balancing the plant’s internal chemistry and growth hormones, nano-priming helps crops become naturally more resistant to diseases and environmental stress.

    Ultimately, this allows for a significant reduction in the use of traditional pesticides and fertilizers, moving us toward more eco-friendly farming. This review provides an overview of the latest progress and the challenges ahead, showing how treating seeds with nanotechnology can play a vital role in the future of sustainable agriculture.

    Learn more about this study: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020267

    Reference:

    Do Espirito Santo Pereira, A., Caixeta Oliveira, H., Fernandes Fraceto, L., & Santaella, C. (2021). Nanotechnology Potential in Seed Priming for Sustainable Agriculture. Nanomaterials, 11(2), 267.

  • Biosensors to support sustainable agriculture and food safety

    Ensuring that the food we eat is safe is a challenge that affects every person on the planet, but we still need better and more affordable ways to detect hidden contaminants.

    While food safety remains a major hurdle for human health, biosensors have long been viewed as a key part of the solution. They emphasize that recent breakthroughs in nanotechnology, miniaturization, and the Internet of Things are now boosting these tools to a level where they will certainly play a leading role in addressing global food risks.

    However, the study highlights a surprising gap: most of this technology has not yet been adapted to work across the entire food supply chain, often neglecting important areas like sustainable farming practices and the prevention of food fraud. In this review, the authors look at the most recent developments from 2015 to 2019 to show how biosensors are finally beginning to tackle these broader issues.

    Ultimately, they argue that we need new, integrated strategies to move these tools into the global market, ensuring that our food systems are not only safe but also sustainably managed from start to finish.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2020.115906

    Reference:

    Griesche, C., & Baeumner, A. J. (2020). Biosensors to support sustainable agriculture and food safety. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 128, 115906.

  • How to innovate business models for a circular bio‐economy?

    Shifting from a linear to a circular bio-economy requires the development of new business models, particularly within the agrifood sector.

    The researchers studied eight European cases that focus on valorizing agricultural waste and by-products by closing loops or cascading materials. Through interviews and site visits, the study identifies several critical factors that shape these innovations.

    According to the findings, business model innovations depend on macro-environmental conditions, such as legal frameworks and market trends, as well as internal objectives like economic, environmental, or social goals.

    The researchers also point out that these models are strongly linked to synergies with actors from different sectors and value co-creation through both organizational and technological advancements.

    Ultimately, the authors conclude that achieving the most efficient use of agricultural waste requires radical, combined innovations and new business configurations rather than the linear strategies that remain dominant for economic reasons.

    Learn more about this study: https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2725

    Reference:

    Donner, M., & De Vries, H. (2021). How to innovate business models for a circular bio‐economy? Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(4), 1932–1947.

  • Sustainable agriculture by the Internet of Things – A practitioner’s approach to monitor sustainability progress

    Technology like the Internet of Things is often praised for its potential, measuring its actual impact on the ground remains a major challenge for the agricultural sector. While digital tools hold great promise for meeting economic, environmental, and social goals, is often difficult to prove exactly how much they contribute to sustainable development in practice.

    To address this, the paper demonstrates a step-by-step approach that allows people to measure and monitor how these technologies perform in real-life settings. This method is based on the UN Sustainable Development Goals and frames the impact of technology in terms of actual business opportunities.

    The authors developed and tested this approach through 33 different cases in a large European project, specifically highlighting five examples from various types of farming to show how it works. Their results show that while the Internet of Things generally has a positive effect on sustainability, these outcomes are sometimes influenced by outside factors that are hard to separate from the technology itself.

    Ultimately, the researchers provide a practical set of instruments that help farmers make better decisions and assist policymakers and investors in deciding which projects to fund. By offering a clear way to track fast-changing tech, the study aims to ensure that digital solutions truly support long-term sustainability objectives.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2022.107226

    Reference:

    Wolfert, S., & Isakhanyan, G. (2022). Sustainable agriculture by the Internet of Things – A practitioner’s approach to monitor sustainability progress. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 200, 107226.

  • Engineering rhizobacteria for sustainable agriculture

    While we often think of farming as just seeds and soil, invisible world of bacteria living around plant roots could be the key to feeding our rapidly growing population. Using “plant growth-promoting” bacteria as crop treatments could drive a new era of sustainable farming, yet these beneficial microbes often fail to perform consistently in the real world.

    This happens because the bacteria struggle to survive in unfamiliar soils, fail to attach to the right plants, or sometimes carry genetic traits that actually suppress their own helpful qualities. Although the exact genetics behind these hurdles are still being mapped out, the authors highlight that we now understand the molecular mechanics of how these bacteria help plants in great detail.

    To solve these problems, the study explores a powerful new strategy: engineering these specific traits and transferring them into bacteria that are already known to thrive in the field. The researchers are even looking into “synthetic signaling,” a way to create a private conversation between a plant and a specific type of bacteria to ensure they work together perfectly while staying contained within the target area.

    Ultimately, the authors review the ecological and technical sides of this research, suggesting that custom-tailored bacteria could finally provide the reliable boost that sustainable agriculture needs.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-00835-4

    Reference:

    Haskett, T. L., Tkacz, A., & Poole, P. S. (2021). Engineering rhizobacteria for sustainable agriculture. The ISME Journal, 15(4), 949–964.

  • Sustainable Agriculture Systems in Vegetable Production Using Chitin and Chitosan as Plant Biostimulants

    While searching for ways to boost crop yields, biodegradable, and nontoxic compounds like chitin and chitosan are gaining attention for their contribution to agro-environmental sustainability.

    These substances act as plant growth promoters and help defend against both biological and environmental stress conditions. According to the study, applying chitosan can increase stomatal conductance and reduce transpiration, while also serving as an effective coating material for seeds.

    The authors also highlight that these compounds can promote chitinolytic microorganisms and extend the storage life of horticultural crops through post-harvest treatments. Furthermore, the study notes that they improve nutrient delivery to plants by preventing leaching and supporting the slow release of nutrients in fertilizers.

    Beyond plant growth, the researchers explain that these materials can remediate polluted soils by removing cationic and anionic heavy metals and improving soil properties. Ultimately, the authors conclude that chitin and chitosan play an important role in modern sustainable crop production, while also outlining current limitations and future prospects for their use as biostimulants.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11060819

    Reference:

    Shahrajabian, M. H., Chaski, C., Polyzos, N., Tzortzakis, N., & Petropoulos, S. A. (2021). Sustainable Agriculture Systems in Vegetable Production Using Chitin and Chitosan as Plant Biostimulants. Biomolecules, 11(6), 819.

  • Nano-biofertilizers as bio-emerging strategies for sustainable agriculture development: Potentiality and their limitations

    While our modern food systems rely heavily on synthetic chemicals, a 21st-century technological revolution might finally offer a way to protect our planet and our food supply at the same time.

    Climate emergencies and our long-term dependence on synthetic fertilizers have created serious risks for the environment, soil health, and the delicate balance of microorganisms in the ground. To address these drawbacks, the researchers highlight the emergence of nano-biofertilizers (NBF), which combine the precision of nanotechnology with the natural power of biofertilizers.

    According to the study, these tools are not just a way to safeguard global food security as the population grows, but they also represent a much more economically and environmentally sustainable alternative to traditional methods.

    The authors describe how these fertilizers are made by encapsulating inorganic materials like zinc or silver, or organic ones like cellulose, using “green” microbial synthesis to avoid the contamination caused by conventional chemicals. Although the use of these “smart” fertilizers is still in its early stages, the researchers argue that they have the potential to completely transform farming into a more precise and resilient system.

    This review provides a deep dive into how these NBFs are created and how they interact with plants to help them survive the stresses of a changing climate. Ultimately, the authors summarize the latest field applications for precision farming while discussing the current bottlenecks and the future trends needed to make these potent tools a reality for global agriculture.

    Learn more about this review here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160476

    Reference:

    Sharma, B., Tiwari, S., Kumawat, K. C., & Cardinale, M. (2023). Nano-biofertilizers as bio-emerging strategies for sustainable agriculture development: Potentiality and their limitations. Science of The Total Environment, 860, 160476.

  • Combined use of Trichoderma and beneficial bacteria (mainly Bacillus and Pseudomonas): Development of microbial synergistic bio-inoculants in sustainable agriculture

    While agriculture struggles to feed a growing population through environmentally friendly means, combining different types of microorganisms could be the key to more sustainable production.

    Fungi like Trichoderma and bacteria such as Bacillus or Pseudomonas are effective on their own, using them together creates a powerful synergy.

    According to the study, these “microbial synergistic bio-inoculants” act as both plant growth pomoters and biocontrol agents, offering benefits that are greater than the sum of their individual parts. The review considers the diverse mechanisms behind these interactions and presents them as a promising alternative for crop management and pest control.

    However, the authors also highlight significant gaps in current research. While there is plenty of data on how these combinations fight pests and diseases, they note that there is little to no information regarding their effectiveness against viral diseases or their ability to improve plant tolerance to abiotic stresses.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2022.105100

    Reference:

    Poveda, J., & Eugui, D. (2022). Combined use of Trichoderma and beneficial bacteria (mainly Bacillus and Pseudomonas): Development of microbial synergistic bio-inoculants in sustainable agriculture. Biological Control, 176, 105100.

  • A systematic literature review on machine learning applications for sustainable agriculture supply chain performance

    While data is often associated with offices and computers, it may actually be the most important tool we have to protect the future of global food security. While agriculture is the backbone of all human activity, it is currently facing massive threats from a growing population and intense competition for natural resources.

    To tackle these increasingly complex problems, the researchers argue that we must lean into smart farming and precision agriculture. They highlight that data analytics—specifically disruptive technologies like machine learning, big data, and blockchain—are the keys to ensuring we have enough safe food while protecting our environment. These tools can address a wide range of issues, from boosting crop yields and saving water to maintaining the health of plants and soil.

    In this study, the authors conducted a systematic review of 93 research papers to analyze how machine learning is specifically applied across different stages of the agricultural supply chain. They illustrate how these techniques can lead to more sustainable systems and even propose a new framework for putting these ideas into practice. According to the study, machine learning provides real-time insights that allow for proactive, data-driven decisions rather than just reacting to problems after they happen.

    Ultimately, the authors provide a set of guidelines for researchers and policymakers to help manage these supply chains more successfully, aiming for a balance of high productivity and better environmental stewardship.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2020.104926

    Reference:

    Sharma, R., Kamble, S. S., Gunasekaran, A., Kumar, V., & Kumar, A. (2020). A systematic literature review on machine learning applications for sustainable agriculture supply chain performance. Computers & Operations Research, 119, 104926.

  • Plant extracts—Importance in sustainable agriculture

    While plants have long been used as raw materials for products like food and medicine, their high content of bioactive compounds makes them ideal for creating a new generation of bio-products for agriculture.

    Various parts of the plant—including seeds, flowers, stems, and roots—can be used to manufacture biostimulants and biopesticides.

    According to the study, these plant-based extracts possess a wide range of properties, such as antifungal, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects. The review examines how these plant-derived biostimulants (PDBs) impact crops under both controlled and real-world conditions, including their response to biotic and abiotic stresses.

    The authors highlight several benefits of using these products, including low toxicity to humans and the environment, increased crop quality and yields, and a reduced reliance on mineral fertilizers and pesticides.

    Ultimately, the researchers conclude that deeper cooperation between academic and industrial research is necessary to speed up the development of these environmentally safe solutions.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2021.1851

    Reference:

    Godlewska, K., Ronga, D., & Michalak, I. (2021). Plant extracts—Importance in sustainable agriculture. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 16(2), 1851.

  • Unlocking plant resources to support food security and promote sustainable agriculture

    While we rely on just a handful of crops to feed the world, thousands of edible plants are effectively hidden in plain sight, waiting to help solve the global food crisis.

    As our population grows, humanity is facing a double challenge of both hunger and obesity. They argue that biodiversity is essential to addressing this, though it requires a much deeper understanding of the food resources available to us globally.

    According to the study, there are at least 7,039 edible plant species, which stands in a huge contrast to the small number of crops that currently provide most of our calories and nutrients. The authors note that most of these species are multipurpose, frequently used for medicine, building materials, or environmental protection.

    While major food crops are concentrated in specific centers of diversity, the researchers find that other edible plants follow natural biodiversity patterns, with the highest variety found near the equator. Even though many of these species are being preserved in conservation banks, the authors highlight that at least 11% of them are currently threatened with extinction.

    To move forward, the study suggests focusing on these neglected and underutilized species to spark a new, community-driven “green revolution” that is more resilient and sustainable. They also explore how fungi could help diversify our diets and increase nutritional value.

    Ultimately, the authors conclude that these plants and the traditional knowledge surrounding them are a massive untapped resource for food security, but unlocking them will require much stronger collaboration between all stakeholders.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10145

    Reference:

    Ulian, T., Diazgranados, M., Pironon, S., Padulosi, S., Liu, U., Davies, L., Howes, M. R., Borrell, J. S., Ondo, I., Pérez‐Escobar, O. A., Sharrock, S., Ryan, P., Hunter, D., Lee, M. A., Barstow, C., Łuczaj, Ł., Pieroni, A., Cámara‐Leret, R., Noorani, A., … Mattana, E. (2020). Unlocking plant resources to support food security and promote sustainable agriculture. PLANTS, PEOPLE, PLANET, 2(5), 421–445.

  • Bio-waste valorisation: Agricultural wastes as biosorbents for removal of (in)organic pollutants in wastewater treatment

    While traditional waste management often relies on the disposal or incineration of agricultural and forestry waste, these practices contribute to environmental pollution while misusing biomass—a valuable resource with significant reuse potential.

    Agricultural cultivation and harvesting generate an abundance of waste, such as stones, shells, and straw, which can be repurposed for wastewater treatment.

    According to the study, waste biomass can be utilized in three primary ways: as a raw adsorbent after ambient drying and grinding, as a modified bio-based sorbent, or as a source material for synthesizing activated carbon through carbonization.

    The authors highlight that while many publications have examined the removal of pollutants like metals, pesticides, and dyes, more “realistic studies” are required to evaluate how these materials perform with natural environmental samples.

    Ultimately, the researchers argue that an integrated-engineering approach using locally produced bio-waste addresses multiple issues at once: it tackles water contamination, decreases the total amount of solid waste, and reduces gas emissions caused by the transportation and disposal of waste.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100239

    Reference:

    Karić, N., Maia, A. S., Teodorović, A., Atanasova, N., Langergraber, G., Crini, G., Ribeiro, A. R. L., & Đolić, M. (2022). Bio-waste valorisation: Agricultural wastes as biosorbents for removal of (in)organic pollutants in wastewater treatment. Chemical Engineering Journal Advances, 9, 100239.

  • Optimizing sustainable agriculture: A comprehensive review of agronomic practices and their impacts on soil attributes

    While we often focus on the crops we see above ground, the true secret to long-term food security lies in how we manage the soil beneath our feet.

    Various agronomic management practices affect different soil parameters under a wide range of conditions. The researchers investigate several key methods, including tillage practices, nutrient management, crop rotation, organic matter handling, irrigation, and mulching, aiming to show how these impact soil productivity, microbial activity, and overall health.

    They point out that different ways of plowing the land can change soil quality by affecting compaction and erosion risks, while proper nutrient management is essential for healthy cycling and preventing soil acidification.

    According to the study, rotating crops helps disrupt pest cycles and improves nutrient recycling, whereas managing organic matter boosts the soil’s carbon levels and its ability to hold onto water. The authors also highlight that optimizing irrigation regulates water content without causing waterlogging, and using mulch helps maintain soil structure and temperature for the benefit of local soil biology.

    Ultimately, the researchers emphasize that an integrated approach to these practices has a significantly positive impact on fertility and microbial life. They conclude that a thoughtful implementation of these methods is vital for sustainable agriculture, identifying a path forward that balances high crop yields with resilient soil stewardship for future generations.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121487

    Reference:

    Al-Shammary, A. A. G., Al-Shihmani, L. S. S., Fernández-Gálvez, J., & Caballero-Calvo, A. (2024). Optimizing sustainable agriculture: A comprehensive review of agronomic practices and their impacts on soil attributes. Journal of Environmental Management, 364, 121487.

  • Water‐soluble polymers in agriculture: Xanthan gum as eco‐friendly alternative to synthetics

    While water-soluble polymers (WSPs) are versatile chemicals used across industries for thickening and stabilizing, synthetic versions—often termed “microplastics”—are under increasing scrutiny due to environmental concerns and tightening regulations.

    Microbial polysaccharides, specifically xanthan gum, represent an advantageous compromise between synthetic and plant-derived materials because their properties can be precisely controlled through fermentation.

    According to the study, xanthan gum is the most significant microbial polysaccharide by production volume and offers several sustainable applications in 21st-century agriculture:

    Drift Control: As a spray adjuvant, it prevents the formation of fine, driftable droplets and is particularly resistant to mechanical shear.

    Encapsulation: It is used in formulations to modify the release of agents or provide them with additional protection.

    Soil Improvement: When added to soil, xanthan gum has been shown to increase water retention while reducing evaporation, percolation, and erosion.

    Ultimately, the authors provide practical formulation tips to help exploit the full potential of xanthan gum as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic polymers.

    Learn more about this study: https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13867

    Reference:

    Berninger, T., Dietz, N., & González López, Ó. (2021). Water‐soluble polymers in agriculture: Xanthan gum as eco‐friendly alternative to synthetics. Microbial Biotechnology, 14(5), 1881–1896.

  • Challenges and potential pathways towards sustainable agriculture within the European Green Deal

    While the European Green Deal sets ambitious goals for our food systems, the real challenge lies in turning these high-level policies into actual change on the ground. Agriculture is right at the heart of this plan, with strategies like “Farm to Fork” and the “Soil Strategy” aiming to create a more sustainable future for rural areas. Yet, despite these clear objectives, we are still quite far from an effective transition that relies on integrated, science-based solutions.

    This paper dives into the debate around these challenges, looking at how European policies can be applied in practice. By analyzing official documents and global data, it highlights how different environmental and social goals can work together, but it also identifies major roadblocks like reduced crop yields, higher demand for land, and the complexities of food waste and global access.

    To move forward, the study suggests blending two main approaches: one that focuses on eco-friendly production and another that emphasizes social justice and food sovereignty. Ultimately, transforming agriculture is more than just a technical fix; it requires a holistic approach that considers everything from culture and economics to local participation. True progress will only happen when we align our policies and recognize farmers not just as food producers, but as essential managers of our natural landscapes.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2023.103634

    Reference:

    Boix-Fayos, C., & De Vente, J. (2023). Challenges and potential pathways towards sustainable agriculture within the European Green Deal. Agricultural Systems, 207, 103634.

  • Improvement of Plant Responses by Nanobiofertilizer: A Step towards Sustainable Agriculture.

    As the climate changes and human impact grows, finding new ways to protect our global food supply has become an urgent priority. With traditional farming methods struggling to keep up with a growing population, there is a clear need for affordable and eco-friendly strategies that don’t harm the planet.

    Nanobiofertilizers are opening a new chapter in this effort by combining the power of microscopic nanoparticles with natural biofertilizers. This “smart” combination is more effective and sustainable than using either one alone, essentially packaging beneficial microbes inside tiny particles made from elements like zinc, iron, or silver. When these are created through green methods, they perform even better, helping plants grow stronger and handle environmental stress more easily.

    Unlike the chemical fertilizers we have used for years, these nanobiofertilizers offer longer-lasting results and actually improve the health and structure of the soil. While we still need more research on how they work in large-scale fields, they have the potential to significantly reduce our reliance on chemicals and make our crops healthier. This review explores how these tools are made, their current status in agriculture, and the strategies needed to make them a standard part of a more sustainable future.

    Learn more about this review here: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12060965

    Reference:

    Akhtar, N., Ilyas, N., Meraj, T. A., Pour-Aboughadareh, A., Sayyed, R. Z., Mashwani, Z.-R., & Poczai, P. (2022). Improvement of Plant Responses by Nanobiofertilizer: A Step towards Sustainable Agriculture. Nanomaterials, 12(6), 965.

  • Insect frass in the development of sustainable agriculture. A review.

    Could the waste from one of the world’s newest industries be the secret to a greener food system?

    As the global population keeps growing, the industrial farming of insects for food and feed is becoming a much more efficient way to produce protein than traditional livestock. In these facilities, the waste produced by insects—known as frass—is a major byproduct, with volumes reaching up to 40 times the amount of actual animal weight produced. Because there is so much of it, using this waste as an organic fertilizer instead of synthetic chemicals is a practical way to move toward sustainable agriculture and a circular economy.

    A full review of the research shows that using insect frass as a natural fertilizer offers several benefits: it adds vital nutrients like nitrogen that plants can easily take in, provides natural molecules and tiny organisms that help crops grow, and makes plants stronger against harsh weather, diseases, and pests. Ultimately, the waste from large-scale insect farming stands out as a reliable and effective source of organic fertilizer for the future of farming.

    Learn more about the results of this review here: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-020-00656-x

    Reference

    Poveda, J. (2021). Insect frass in the development of sustainable agriculture. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 41(1), 5.

  • CO2 Emissions and Sustainable Economic Development: New Evidence on the Role of Human Capital

    CO2 Emissions and Sustainable Economic Development: New Evidence on the Role of Human Capital

    Does the path to a cleaner planet begin in the classroom, or could education actually be accelerating our environmental footprint in the short term? While many believe that higher income naturally leads to a cleaner environment, the data on this theory—known as the Environmental Kuznets Curve—has long been inconsistent.

    This study investigates a critical missing piece of the puzzle: the level of human capital, or education. The researchers set out to determine if the impact of economic growth on CO2 emissions changes depending on how educated a population is.

    To test this, they used an innovative threshold technique to analyze 122 different economies over a 34-year period, treating education levels as a “trigger” that switches how a country’s income affects its pollution levels.

    The findings reveal a surprising dual reality: in the early stages of development, increased schooling can actually speed up the use of non-renewable resources and increase emissions. However, once a specific “threshold” of education is crossed, more schooling significantly reduces CO2 emissions by fostering environmental awareness and the adoption of green technologies.

    Ultimately, the paper concludes that investing in education is not just a social good but a strategic necessity for decoupling economic growth from environmental decay and ensuring a truly sustainable future.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2083

    Reference

    Khan M. CO2 emissions and sustainable economic development: New evidence on the role of human capital. Sustainable Development. 2020; 28: 1279–1288

  • Application and Characterization of Metamodels based on Artificial Neural Networks for Building Performance Simulation: A Systematic Review

    Application and Characterization of Metamodels based on Artificial Neural Networks for Building Performance Simulation: A Systematic Review

    As the global demand for energy-efficient buildings grows, traditional simulation tools are becoming too slow to keep up with the complexity of sustainable design.

    This research presents a comprehensive review of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) as a high-speed solution for Building Performance Simulation (BPS). By acting as “metamodels” (or digital proxies) ANNs can predict a building’s energy consumption and comfort levels almost instantaneously, allowing architects to test thousands of design variations in seconds.

    The study explicitly details the entire lifecycle of creating these AI models, from data pre-processing to final testing.

    While acknowledging that ANNs require significant initial data to “learn,” the authors demonstrate that the trade-off is worth it: the resulting models are powerful enough to guide both the design of new structures and the retrofitting of old ones.

    For the engineering community, this paper serves as a technical manual for integrating AI into the heart of sustainable urban development.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.109972

    Reference

    Roman, N. D., Bre, F., Fachinotti, V. D., & Lamberts, R. (2020). Application and characterization of metamodels based on artificial neural networks for building performance simulation: A systematic review. Energy and Buildings, 217, 109972

  • Towards Circular and more Sustainable Buildings: A Systematic Literature Review on the Circular Economy in the Built Environment

    Towards Circular and more Sustainable Buildings: A Systematic Literature Review on the Circular Economy in the Built Environment

    This comprehensive review of over 300 academic papers provides a clear map of how the built environment is transitioning toward a Circular Economy (CE).

    While the research confirms a global shift toward circular thinking (particularly in Europe and China) it also exposes a significant gap: most current efforts are focused only on managing waste rather than redesigning the entire building lifecycle.

    The study explicitly states “circularity” is currently hindered by a lack of integrated business models and fragmented communication between stakeholders.

    To move beyond the current incipient stage, the authors propose a new theoretical framework that prioritizes residual material value and calls for stronger governments intervention. Without specific laws, subsidies, and tax incentives to support decision-makers, the built environment will struggle to move from theoretical research to the practical implementation of sustainable, circular principles.

    Learn more about this review here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121134

    Reference

    Munaro, M. R., Tavares, S. F., & Bragança, L. (2020). Towards circular and more sustainable buildings: A systematic literature review on the circular economy in the built environment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 260, 121134

  • Smart Eco-City Strategies and Solutions for Sustainability: The Cases of Royal Seaport, Stockholm, and Western Harbor, Malmö, Sweden

    Smart Eco-City Strategies and Solutions for Sustainability: The Cases of Royal Seaport, Stockholm, and Western Harbor, Malmö, Sweden

    This research evaluates the “Eco-City” district as a primary response to the global challenges of sustainable development, focusing on twon landmark Swedish cases: Royal Seaport (Stockholm) and Western Harbor (Malmö).

    The study identifies that successful sustainable urbanism relies on the synergy of three core pillars: Design, Technology, and Behavioral Change. While design (e.g., mixed land use and greening) and technology (e.g., energy efficiency and waste systems) provide the structural foundation, behavioral shifts in travel and consumption are essential to achieving the expected environmental outcomes.

    However, the study uncovers a significant “implementation gap” in current planning practices. While environmental, economic, and social goals are all present in policy discussions, the actual institutionalized planning remains heavily skewed toward environmental targets. Economic and social dimensions (the other parts of the sustainability “tripartite”) often play a secondary role.

    The research concludes that for the eco-city model to reach its full potential, planning programmes must move beyond a technical-environmental focus and actively integrate social and economic measures into the core of urban development practices.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci4010011

    Reference

    Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2020). Smart Eco-City Strategies and Solutions for Sustainability: The Cases of Royal Seaport, Stockholm, and Western Harbor, Malmö, Sweden. Urban Science, 4(1), 11

  • A Bibliometric Review of Research on Sustainable Construction, 1994–2018

    A Bibliometric Review of Research on Sustainable Construction, 1994–2018

    How did we get from simple recycling to the complex “Smart Cities” of nowadays? This bibliometric study provides a bird’s-eye view of the entire global body of research on Sustainable Construction from 1994 to 2018.

    By analyzing thousands of academic papers, the authors demonstrate that the fields is no longer a “niche” area of engineering, but a mature, multidisciplinary science that has grown exponentially in both volume and complexity.

    The study highlights that while the early years were dominated by a “technical-fix” mindset (focusing mostly on waste and materials) modern research has evolved to prioritize lifecycle thinking and integrated technology.

    The findings identify the most influential researchers, institutions, and journals that have shaped the industry, providing a definitive “state of the art” for anyone looking to understand where the constructions industry has been and where it is headed in the fight against climate change.

    Learn more about this review here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120073

    Reference

    Det Udomsap, A., & Hallinger, P. (2020). A bibliometric review of research on sustainable construction, 1994–2018. Journal of Cleaner Production, 254, 120073

  • Simulation Optimisation Towards Energy Efficient Green Buildings: Current Status and Future Trends

    Simulation Optimisation Towards Energy Efficient Green Buildings: Current Status and Future Trends

    While computer simulation has long been used to predict building energy use, this research highlights an evolution toward integrated optimization.

    By critically reviewing existing studies, the authors identify a growing trend of using machine learning and parametric modeling to automate the search for sustainable design solutions. These tools allow for a holistic “Life Cycle” approach, ensuring that carbon emissions are minimized from material production through to a building’s end-of-life.

    The study explicitly states that the future of green building design lies in “socio-technical” solutions. This means that environmental sustainability must be balanced with human wellbeing and occupant behavior.

    For the engineering and architectural communities, the findings suggest that the next generation of building optimization will not just be about better materials, but about creating an automated, multidisciplinary design process that prioritizes both the planet and the people inhabiting it.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120012

    Reference

    Gan, V. J. L., Lo, I. M. C., Ma, J., Tse, K. T., Cheng, J. C. P., & Chan, C. M. (2020). Simulation optimisation towards energy efficient green buildings: Current status and future trends. Journal of Cleaner Production, 254, 120012

  • Production of Sustainable Construction Materials Using Agro-Wastes

    Production of Sustainable Construction Materials Using Agro-Wastes

    The construction industry is under intense pressure to reconcile rapid urbanization with the urgent need to protect dwindling natural resources.

    This research identifies agro-waste—specifically the ashes and fibers from crops like rice, sugarcane, and bamboo—as a potent alternative for developing sustainable building materials.

    By reviewing the application of these wastes in bricks, concrete, insulation, and bio-plastics, the study demonstrates that these “green” alternatives are not just experimental; they consistently meet or exceed established building standards.

    The findings explicitly state that transitioning to agro-waste materials offers a triple-win for the sector: it diverts waste from landfills, reduces the environmental impact of mainstream materials, and ensures long-term economic and social sustainability.

    For the construction sector, this research confirms that the path to a sustainable future lies in the “circular” repurposing of agricultural by-products into the very foundations of our cities.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020262

    Reference

    Maraveas, C. (2020). Production of Sustainable Construction Materials Using Agro-Wastes. Materials, 13(2), 262

  • Enhancing the Circular Economy with Nature-Based Solutions in the Built Urban Environment: Green Building Materials, Systems and Sites

    Enhancing the Circular Economy with Nature-Based Solutions in the Built Urban Environment: Green Building Materials, Systems and Sites

    Can we design cities that function like forest? This research makes the case for Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) as the “missing link” in our transition to a circular economy.

    By moving away from synthetic, linear materials and embracing biocomposites and vegetated building systems, we can create urban environments that actually “give back” to the planet.

    The study highlights that a truly circular city doesn’t just recycle waste; it provides ecosystem services. From green roofs that cool our streets to plant-based materials that store carbon, NBS offer a way to counter the negative impacts of rapid urbanization.

    Through a series of modern case studies, the authors demonstrate that when we align our building policies with natural processes, we don’t just build more sustainably, we build more resilient, healthier and more efficient cities for everyone.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2019.928

    Reference

    David Pearlmutter, et al; Enhancing the circular economy with nature-based solutions in the built urban environment: green building materials, systems and sites. Blue-Green Systems 1 January 2020; 2 (1): 46–72

  • Design for Deconstruction Using a Circular Economy Approach: Barriers and Strategies for Improvement

    Design for Deconstruction Using a Circular Economy Approach: Barriers and Strategies for Improvement

    While the circular economy offers a clear path to sustainability, the construction industry faces a significant “implementation gap” when it comes to Design for Deconstruction (DfD).

    This study identifies 26 specific barriers—ranging from weak legislation to a lack of effective digital tools—that keep the industry stuck in a “demolish-and-discard” cycle.

    The findings suggest that achieving a sustainable building agenda requires more than just good intentions; it requires a structural shift in how we manage information and create business value. For the built environment to become truly circular, the industry must develop better software for lifecycle tracking and advocate for policies that make deconstruction more profitable than destruction.

    By bridging these gaps, we can turn the “end-of-life” for one building into the “birth” of another, fulfilling the promise of a waste-free urban future.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2019.1695006

    Reference

    Akinade, O., Oyedele, L., Oyedele, A., Davila Delgado, J. M., Bilal, M., Akanbi, L., … Owolabi, H. (2020). Design for deconstruction using a circular economy approach: barriers and strategies for improvement. Production Planning & Control, 31(10), 829–840

  • Circular Economy Strategies for Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage Buildings to Reduce Environmental Impacts

    Circular Economy Strategies for Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage Buildings to Reduce Environmental Impacts

    The “greenest” building is sometimes the one that has remained after many years. This research explores how Circular Economy strategies can breathe new life into abandoned or underutilized cultural heritage buildings, transforming them from relics of the past into facilitator for a sustainable future.

    By focusing on adaptative reuse, cities can revitalize neighborhoods and preserve their unique historical identity while drastically reducing the environmental cost of new construction.

    By applying systematic review of literature and synthesis methods, the research introduces a comprehensive circular economy framework designed to fill the knowledge and tools gap of decision-makers.

    It merges lifecycle environmental techniques with circular supply chain approach, providing the tools needed to prove that extending a building’s lifespan is an economic, social and ecological win.

    For the modern urban planner, this study demonstrate that heritage preservation isn’t just about history, it’s a high-performance strategy for building resilient, resource-efficient, and culturally rich circular cities.

    Learn more about this review here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104507

    Reference

    Foster, G. (2020). Circular economy strategies for adaptive reuse of cultural heritage buildings to reduce environmental impacts. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 152, 104507

  • Life Cycle Environmental Impact Assessment to Manage and Optimize Construction Waste using Building Information Modeling (BIM)

    Life Cycle Environmental Impact Assessment to Manage and Optimize Construction Waste using Building Information Modeling (BIM)

    Can we stop construction waste before it even happens? Most waste management strategies focus on what to do with a building once it’s demolished, but this research argues that we need to start tracking waste from the begining, esentially from the planing stage.

    By developing a specialized BIM Add-in, the authors have created a way for design software and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tools to work together in real-time.

    This “integrated environment” allows architects and engineers to see the environmental impact of their material choices at every stage of the building’s life.

    Instead of viewing waste as an inevitable byproduct of the “end-of-life” stage, this methodology treats it as a data point that can be optimized and reduced during the design and construction phases.

    Learn more about this paper here: https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2019.1583850

    Reference

    Jalaei, F., Zoghi, M., & Khoshand, A. (2021). Life cycle environmental impact assessment to manage and optimize construction waste using Building Information Modeling (BIM). International Journal of Construction Management, 21(8), 784–801

  • The Triple Bottom Line and Sustainable Economic Development Theory and Practice

    The Triple Bottom Line and Sustainable Economic Development Theory and Practice

    The concept of the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) challenges us to redefine success by equally weighing economic, environmental, and social value. While this framework is essential to the broader conversation on sustainability, it has surprisingly received very little formal attention within the specific field of economic development.

    This research seeks to bridge that gap by providing a clear definition of TBL economic development and investigating how professionals in the field actually prioritize these three pillars in their real-world projects.

    By examining the engagement and priorities of current practitioners, the study demonstrates that the Triple Bottom Line is not just a niche concept but is actually central to the evolution of the discipline.

    The author concludes by offering strategic recommendations to advance both theory and practice, arguing that integrating social and ecological health into economic models is the only way to achieve truly meaningful progress.

    Learn more about this paper here: https://doi.org/10.1177/0891242416674808

    Reference

    Hammer, J., & Pivo, G. (2016). The Triple Bottom Line and Sustainable Economic Development Theory and Practice. Economic Development Quarterly, 31(1), 25-36

  • Innovation trends in industrial biotechnology

    While microbial fermentation is already used for the sustainable creation of various products, there is still a set to play an even larger role in the food sector. This shift is driven by increasing trends toward plant-based foods and substitutes for meat and dairy.

    According to the study, this technology enables the sustainable and scalable production of high-value foods, ingredients, chemicals, and natural products.

    The researchers point out that much of this market expansion will be led by new startups that translate academic research into novel processes and products using state-of-the-art technologies.

    In this article, the authors discuss current trends in innovation and technology and provide specific recommendations for successfully starting and growing companies within the field of industrial biotechnology.

    Learn more about this article here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.03.007

    Reference:

    Nielsen, J., Tillegreen, C. B., & Petranovic, D. (2022). Innovation trends in industrial biotechnology. Trends in Biotechnology, 40(10), 1160–1172.

  • Environmental impacts of genetically modified (GM) crop use 1996–2018: Impacts on pesticide use and carbon emissions

    Crop biotechnology, specifically the use of genetically modified (GM) crops, has significantly altered the environmental footprint of global agriculture since their widespread commercialization over two decades ago.

    The researchers point out that the adoption of insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant technology has led to a reduction in pesticide spraying by 775.4 million kg, an 8.3% decrease. According to the study, this shift has improved the Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ)—a metric used to measure the impact of pesticides—by 18.5% on the areas where these crops are grown.

    The study also highlights how GM technology has facilitated changes in farming practices, such as reduced tillage and lower fuel consumption.

    The authors explain that these changes have resulted in a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. For instance, the researchers calculate that in 2018 alone, the carbon emissions saved were equivalent to removing 15.27 million cars from the road.

    Ultimately, the paper concludes that the transition to GM cropping systems has provided measurable benefits for both chemical reduction and climate change mitigation in the agricultural sector.

    Learn more about this study: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2020.1773198

    Reference:

    Brookes, G., & Barfoot, P. (2020). Environmental impacts of genetically modified (GM) crop use 1996–2018: Impacts on pesticide use and carbon emissions. GM Crops & Food, 11(4), 215–241.

  • Transitions to Democracy in Southern and Eastern Europe

    Transitions to Democracy in Southern and Eastern Europe

    Values that Unite Us: Transitions to Democracy in Southern and Eastern Europe

    Keywords: Democracy, Democratic transition, Gender, Democratic engagement and civic participation, Extremism, Raising awareness of children and/or young people, European Values; Eastern transition to democracy; Southern transition to democracy

    Objective: This project aims to explore the democratic transitions in Southern and Eastern Europe, focusing on the shared values that guided these nations through their transition to democracy. In a context of rising Euroscepticism, the project aims to deepen young people’s understanding of the common European values that unite these countries and the role of the EU in shaping their democratic trajectories.

    The consortium consists of universities, research centers and non-governmental organizations, ensuring a diverse and interdisciplinary approach. This collaboration allows the project to reach a broad range of young people and civil society groups. It is committed to gender equality, promoting women’s participation, and incorporating gender-sensitive content across all activities.

    Call: CERV-2025-CITIZENS-REM – European Remembrance – 2025

    Predicted budget: 385 860,00€

    To be Implemented between 2026 and 2029

    Consortium:

    • Fundación Universidad Loyola Andalucia
    • European Research Center for Social Development (Glouni)
    • Institut Za Razvojne In Strateske Analize Zavod
    • Planet To The 3rd Power, Institute For Interdisciplinary Sustainable Development
    • Koyalia
    • Szubjektiv Ertekek Alapitvany
    • Notre Europe – Institut Jacques Delors
    • Centro Studi E Ricerca Impacto Ets
    • Uniwersytet Wrocławski
    • Uniwersytet Im. Adama Mickiewicza Wpoznaniu
    • Istituto Di Culture Mediterranee
    • Universidad Complutense De Madrid

  • Bioeconomy: Biomass and biomass-based energy supply and demand

    Transitioning from a fossil-fuel-dependent economy to a bio-based one involves navigating a complex web of competing demands for food, feed, bioenergy, and materials.

    The researchers point out that while the potential for non-food biomass is vast, food security must remain the absolute priority when determining how to allocate these resources. According to the study, this shift requires a thorough understanding of global biomass supply and demand, with a particular emphasis on the evolving energy balance indicators within EU Member States.

    The study further analyzes the perspective of the European chemical industry and the role of new plant breeding technologies in overcoming current limitations. The authors highlight the inherent complexity of bio-based value chains, which complicates the decision-making process for resource optimization.

    Ultimately, the researchers conclude that a comprehensive, integrated approach is necessary to manage the trade-offs between different biomass uses while ensuring that the transition to a sustainable bioeconomy remains viable and secure.

    Learn more about this study: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2020.10.004

    Reference:

    Popp, J., Kovács, S., Oláh, J., Divéki, Z., & Balázs, E. (2021). Bioeconomy: Biomass and biomass-based energy supply and demand. New Biotechnology, 60, 76–84.

  • A Literature Review of Sustainable Building Research: Bibliometric Analysis from 2015–2025

    A Literature Review of Sustainable Building Research: Bibliometric Analysis from 2015–2025

    The conversation around sustainable building is no longer just about adding solar panels; it has evolved into a complex, high-tech landscape that touches everything from the molecules in our concrete to the algorithms managing our thermostats.

    This recent 2025 study provides a bird’s-eye view of this transformation by conducting a massive integrative review of 329 major research articles published over the last decade. The authors set out to map the field’s rapid evolution and identify the specific “future pathways” that will define the next generation of construction.

    To do this, they combined quantitative bibliometrics with qualitative insights, organizing the vast amount of data into seven core themes—ranging from advanced construction materials and AI-driven energy systems to the socio-economic factors that influence who actually gets to live in “green” homes.

    Their findings show a dramatic surge in research since 2020, fueled by global net-zero commitments, with a heavy focus on innovations like carbon-storing hemp concrete and the use of Digital Twins and the Internet of Things (IoT) to optimize building performance. However, the study doesn’t shy away from the hurdles, noting that fragmented policies and the high cost of scaling new materials still act as significant barriers.

    Ultimately, the research concludes with a forward-looking framework that advocates for nanotechnology-enhanced materials and more inclusive stakeholder engagement, offering a vital roadmap for bridging the gap between cutting-edge laboratory innovation and real-world implementation.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15193609

    Reference

    Lu, Y., Zhang, Y., Huang, Z., Cheng, B., Wang, C., Sun, Y., Zhang, H., & Li, J. (2025). A Literature Review of Sustainable Building Research: Bibliometric Analysis from 2015–2025. Buildings, 15(19)

  • The soil crisis: The need to treat as a global health problem and the pivotal role of microbes in prophylaxis and therapy

    Soil provides essential services for a healthy biosphere and human survival, such as feeding the global population and sequestering carbon to counteract global warming. However, the researchers point out that Earth is currently facing an unprecedented crisis of soil deterioration, desertification, and erosion caused by anthropogenic abuse and extreme weather events.

    According to the study, soil is not merely “dirt” but a dynamic living entity whose life is overwhelmingly microbial. The soil microbiota acts as a vast bioreactor that mediates chemical reactions, recycles waste, and purifies water, fueled by the organic carbon fixed by aboveground plants.

    To address this crisis, the study proposes a new approach that treats soils worldwide as patients in need of medical care. The authors advocate for the creation of a public health system to develop effective land-use policies and monitoring, alongside a healthcare system charged with implementing prophylactic measures and therapies for unhealthy soils.

    The researchers highlight that a substantial investment in interdisciplinary research is mandatory to understand the soil-biota functionalities that underpin ecosystem services. Ultimately, the paper concludes that the creative application of microbial biotechnology, supported by a cohesive political and legislative framework, is central to restoring soil health and ensuring a sustainable future.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13771

    Reference:

    Timmis, K., & Ramos, J. L. (2021). The soil crisis: The need to treat as a global health problem and the pivotal role of microbes in prophylaxis and therapy. Microbial Biotechnology, 14(3), 769–797.

  • Facilitating Construction 5.0 for Smart, Sustainable and Resilient Buildings: Opportunities and Challenges for Implementation

    Facilitating Construction 5.0 for Smart, Sustainable and Resilient Buildings: Opportunities and Challenges for Implementation

    While we are still adjusting to the digital shift of “Construction 4.0,” a new frontier has already emerged: Construction 5.0. This evolution represents a shift in philosophy, moving beyond mere automation to prioritize a harmonious collaboration between advanced technology and human well-being.

    This research explores the vast opportunities and inevitable hurdles of this new era, aiming to provide a roadmap for creating buildings that are not just “smart,” but also deeply sustainable, resilient, and centered on the people who use them.

    To understand how this transition can actually happen, the researchers used a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. This allowed them to evaluate a complex model of variables, investigating how human-centric technology and resilience strategies interact with existing challenges in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry.

    The findings reveal a clear synergy: by focusing on human values and long-term environmental sustainability, the industry can actually turn its current obstacles into opportunities for innovation.

    Ultimately, the study concludes that Construction 5.0 has the power to redefine our built environment, moving toward a future where our buildings are not just structures of glass and steel, but resilient ecosystems that actively support the values and health of the communities they serve.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-04-2024-0127

    Reference

    Yitmen I, Almusaed A, Alizadehsalehi S (2024), “Facilitating Construction 5.0 for smart, sustainable and resilient buildings: opportunities and challenges for implementation”. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment

  • EU Ambassadors for European Remembrance

    EU Ambassadors for European Remembrance

    Proposal: Understanding of European integration and its societal impacts

    Keywords: European identity, Inter-cultural dialogue, Democracy, Democratic transition, Youth

    Objective: This project endeavours to counteract the growing influence of nationalist policy movements and educate young Europeans on the EU by bridging historical narratives with contemporary challenges, focusing on key moments in European integration. Through combining efforts to engage citizens in critical thinking and debate with commemorating, researching, and educating about pivotal moments in modern European history, this project seeks to deepen understanding of European integration and its societal impacts.

    Through a multifaceted approach, including online training, public debates, educational materials, intergenerational exchanges, and transnational collaboration, the project aims to empower European citizens to critically engage with their shared history. By fostering dialogue, challenging biases, and promoting inclusivity, participants, including students, educators, community members, and stakeholders, will gain practical tools for active civic engagement and remembrance advocacy within their communities.

    Additionally, the project embraces a gender-sensitive approach, ensuring equal participation and representation of diverse voices in discussions on European remembrance and integration. By amplifying the voices of witnesses of historical events and facilitating intergenerational dialogue, the project aims to preserve collective memories and promote empathy and understanding across generations. Furthermore, through transnational collaboration and partnerships, the project seeks to leverage diverse perspectives, resources, and expertise to maximise its impact and reach. By fostering cross-border cooperation and solidarity, the project aims to contribute to the building of more equitable and inclusive societies, with education as a central tool for creating social change.

    Call: CERV-2024-CITIZENS-REM – European Remembrance – 2024

    Predicted budget: 190 135,00€

    To be Implemented between 2025 and 2027

    Consortium:

    • European Research Center for Social Development (Glouni)
    • Les Jeunes Européens-France Association
    • Federazione Italiana Diritti Umani Comitato Italia
    • Youth Vision
  • Transitions to Democracy of the Southern European Countries

    Transitions to Democracy of the Southern European Countries

    Proposal: The international factor in the transitions to democracy of the southern European countries

    Keywords: Democratic transition, EU accession, European identity, Rule of law, Political systems and institutions, Governance, Reconciliation, EU values; Human Rights; Fighting populism

    Objective: Spain, Portugal and Greece joined the European Communities during the second and third enlargement processes. These countries experienced their transitions from civil and military dictatorships to democratic systems and understood the European integration project as a way to make political change irreversible. Europeanization was a priority and a general objective for the three countries.

    The experience lived during these transitions represented an important historical lesson from which it is necessary to continue learning today. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to develop comparative research on the transitions that took place in three southern European countries – Spain, Portugal and Greece – practically simultaneously (from 1974-75). It will be done through the study of two key dimensions of transitions, following a methodology established by the Complutense University and validated in numerous projects and publications: the study of the international factor inward and outward. 

    Special emphasis will be placed on the importance of the European values and of the entry into the European Communities as key priorities. Thus, it will also be possible to extract lessons applicable to possible countries that are candidates for joining the EU (such as Ukraine).

    This project also aims to fight Euroscepticism by disseminating the importance of European values in the transitions. Therefore, reaching out to civil society and young people and disseminating research results among them is also a priority.

    Call: CERV-2024-CITIZENS-REM – European Remembrance – 2024

    Predicted budget: 116 075,00€

    To be Implemented between 2025 and 2027

    Consortium:

    • Fundación Universidad Loyola Andalucia
    • European Research Center for Social Development (Glouni)
    • QUALIA
    • Universidad Complutense De Madrid
  • Empowering Young People to Combat Anti-Semitism

    Empowering Young People to Combat Anti-Semitism

    Proposal: Empowering young people to combat anti-Semitism and promoting inclusive Holocaust histories for a peaceful Europe through living libraries

    Keywords: Holocaust, Combatting Anti-Semitism, Youth, Europe in a changing world

    Objective: The project addresses the lack of historical knowledge about the Holocaust and World War II, particularly among young Europeans, as well as the rise in antisemitism and the marginalization of the Roma Holocaust. The main objectives are to increase engagement and understanding of historical events among young people, including refugees, through digital tools and virtual reality experiences, to reduce prejudice by organizing workshops to help young people recognize and combat racial stereotypes and discriminatory attitudes, and to develop a curriculum incorporating gender perspectives and minority experiences. 

    In the short term, the project aims to increase public awareness and engagement; in the medium term, to strengthen community ties and integrate the project’s educational tools; and in the long term, to preserve historical memories and influence commemoration policies in Europe.

    Call: CERV-2024-CITIZENS-REM – European Remembrance – 2024

    Predicted budget: 578 025,00€

    To be Implemented between 2025 and 2027

    Consortium:

    • Association Militants Des Savoirs
    • European Research Center for Social Development (Glouni)
    • EUpro Consultancy& Training
    • Fachhochschule Salzburg
    • Institute Of Higher Education King Danylo University
    • Stichting Liberation Route Europe
    • Scenor – Verein Zur Erforschung Aktueller Gesell
    • Jeunes Européens Fédéralistes Aisbl
    • Fondation Du Camp Des Milles Mémoire Et Educati
    • Media Actie Kuregem Stad
  • Sustainable Energy Development and Sustainable Economic Development in EU Countries

    Sustainable Energy Development and Sustainable Economic Development in EU Countries

    Is it possible to have a sustainable economy without first having a sustainable energy system?

    This research addresses a critical gap in economic theory by mapping the direct correlation between energy and economic development across the EU.

    Using data from 2014 to 2021, the study demonstrates that energy is not just a commodity, but the foundational mechanism that enables sustainable growth.

    The findings explicitly show that while the EU is moving toward its climate goals, there is a deep disparity in how different countries integrate energy sustainability into their economic plans.

    By using advanced statistical methods to track these trends, the authors provide practical conclusions for policymakers: to achieve the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, the focus must remain on the production and supply of energy as the primary driver of modern economic life.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3390/en17071775

    Reference

    Jędrzejczak-Gas, J., Wyrwa, J., & Barska, A. (2024). Sustainable Energy Development and Sustainable Economic Development in EU Countries. Energies, 17(7), 1775.

  • Catalysts for Sustainable Energy Transitions: The Interplay Between Financial Development, Green Technological Innovations, and Environmental Taxes in European Nations

    Catalysts for Sustainable Energy Transitions: The Interplay Between Financial Development, Green Technological Innovations, and Environmental Taxes in European Nations

    Policy without data is just guesswork.

    This research provides a data-driven look at how European nations can accelerate their shift away from fossil fuels by managing a “Golden Triangle” of drivers: Financial Development, Green Innovation, and Strategic Growth.

    Using advanced FMOLS and DOLS modeling, the authors demonstrate that while innovation and funding are essential “boosters,” the role of environmental taxes is more complex—they must be carefully balanced so they don’t stifle the very economic growth required to fund a net-zero future.

    Learn more about this paper here: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10668-023-04081-4

    Reference

    Fatima, N., Usman, M., Khan, N. et al. Catalysts for sustainable energy transitions: the interplay between financial development, green technological innovations, and environmental taxes in European nations. Environ Dev Sustain 26, 13069–13096 (2024)

  • The Role of Environmental Regulations, Renewable Energy, and Energy Efficiency in Finding the Path to Green Economic Growth

    The Role of Environmental Regulations, Renewable Energy, and Energy Efficiency in Finding the Path to Green Economic Growth

    Do strict environmental laws help or hurt the economy? This research examines 20 years of data across the European Union to find the answer.

    By using the Global Malmquist–Luenberger index, the study measures “Green Economic Growth”—a metric that counts GDP gains while “penalizing” for carbon emissions.

    The findings reveal a fascinating U-shaped relationship: while initial environmental regulations may pose a temporary challenge to economic speed, they eventually “turn the corner.” As energy efficiency improves and renewable energy scales up, these regulations become the primary driver for a sustainable, high-performing economy.

    The study concludes that for the EU to reach its carbon-free goals, policymakers shouldn’t fear regulation; instead, they should view it as a necessary catalyst that forces the innovation required for long-term prosperity.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073090

    Reference

    Dzwigol, H., Kwilinski, A., Lyulyov, O., & Pimonenko, T. (2023). The Role of Environmental Regulations, Renewable Energy, and Energy Efficiency in Finding the Path to Green Economic Growth. Energies, 16(7), 3090

  • Greenfield Investment as a Catalyst of Green Economic Growth

    Greenfield Investment as a Catalyst of Green Economic Growth

    If we want to stop depleting our planet’s resources while still growing our economies, we need to rethink where our money goes. This research investigates the power of “Greenfield” investments—building new, sustainable infrastructure from the floor up—as the ultimate catalyst for green growth.

    By analyzing EU data over 15 years, the study proves that when we invest in new renewable energy technologies, we don’t just reduce emissions; we improve the overall productivity of the nation.

    However, the findings come with a caveat: money alone isn’t enough. The effectiveness of these investments depends heavily on the “Efficiency of Public Governance.” In regions where the legal and political systems are transparent and open, green investments flourish.

    For the EU to achieve true “spatial harmony” in its climate goals, it must bridge the technological gap between its member states, ensuring that every Euro invested in green infrastructure is backed by a stable and efficient government framework.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052372

    Reference

    Kwilinski, A., Lyulyov, O., & Pimonenko, T. (2023). Greenfield Investment as a Catalyst of Green Economic Growth. Energies, 16(5), 2372

  • Embodied Energy in Existing Buildings as a Tool for Sustainable Intervention on Urban Heritage

    Embodied Energy in Existing Buildings as a Tool for Sustainable Intervention on Urban Heritage

    As we shift our focus toward a truly circular economy, we are discovering that the “greenest” building might not be the one with the most solar panels, but the one that already exists.

    This research dives into the critical, yet often overlooked, concept of embodied energy—the total energy already “locked” into the bricks, steel, and concrete of our current building stock.

    The study aims to fill a significant research gap: how do we accurately calculate this stored energy to prove that renovating an old building is often more sustainable than tearing it down to build a new, “efficient” one?

    To tackle this, the authors conducted a critical literature review and proposed a new, comprehensive calculation method. This approach integrates two perspectives: a retroactive view (the energy already spent in the past) and a prospective view (the energy required for future maintenance or reuse).

    By framing these within a life-cycle energy analysis, the researchers created a decision-making tool specifically for urban planners and heritage managers.

    The findings highlight that treating embodied energy as a key “decision parameter” can fundamentally change whether a city chooses to demolish or preserve.

    Ultimately, the paper concludes that the energy stored in our urban heritage is an untapped asset; prioritizing its reuse is essential for reducing the total carbon footprint of our future cities and ensuring that sustainability is measured over a building’s entire life, not just its daily energy bill.

    Learn more about this review here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104284

    Reference

    Guidetti, E., & Ferrara, M. (2023). Embodied energy in existing buildings as a tool for sustainable intervention on urban heritage. Sustainable Cities and Society, 88, 104284

  • Is Europe on the Way to Sustainable Development? Compatibility of Green Environment, Economic Growth, and Circular Economy Issues

    Is Europe on the Way to Sustainable Development? Compatibility of Green Environment, Economic Growth, and Circular Economy Issues

    This research dives into the complex “three-way” relationship between environmental health, economic growth, and the circular economy across 31 European nations.

    Covering the decade from 2009 to 2020, the study investigates a critical paradox: how can we keep our economies growing (GDP) without drowning in the waste that growth typically creates? Using data from Eurostat and the World Bank, the authors employed a panel data analysis to track variables like energy consumption, capital investment, and various emissions (GHG, SOx, NOx).

    The findings present a mixed reality for the European green transition. While capital investment (gross fixed capital formation) shows a promising ability to help reduce municipal waste, traditional drivers of wealth—like GDP and energy consumption—are still pushing waste levels higher. This “novel” association of variables highlights that a circular economy isn’t just a recycling goal; it’s a necessary policy shift.

    The paper concludes by offering specific economic measures that can decouple growth from environmental degradation, ensuring that the transition to a “green environment” is supported by a robust, low-waste economic framework.

    Learn more about this paper here: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/2/1078

    Reference

  • Towards Digital Twin Driven Cultural Heritage Management: A HBIM-Based Workflow for Energy Improvement of Modern Buildings

    Towards Digital Twin Driven Cultural Heritage Management: A HBIM-Based Workflow for Energy Improvement of Modern Buildings

    Europe’s historic skyline presents a unique challenge: how do we drag buildings from the 1920s into the 2020s without losing their architectural soul?

    This research tackles the “modernization dilemma” facing asset managers who must meet strict energy-efficiency regulations while preserving the identity of listed buildings.

    The study proposes seizing the digital transition by using the Digital Twin paradigm—a virtual, data-rich mirror of a physical structure—to enable smarter conservation and more sustainable management of our urban heritage.

    The authors developed a workflow that specifically integrates Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) with Building Performance Simulation (BPS) tools. Focused on Italian modern buildings constructed between the 1920s and 1960s, the methodology involves creating a virtual model based on international IFC standards to simulate various energy-improvement measures. By predicting thermal demand, computing construction costs, and analyzing benefits over the building’s entire life cycle, the researchers used a multi-criteria analysis to find the “sweet spot” where energy savings, economic costs, and financial feasibility align.

    The findings demonstrate that this data-driven approach takes the guesswork out of restoration; it provides a reliable roadmap for transforming static historic assets into dynamic, energy-efficient Digital Twins that are as functional as they are beautiful.

    Learn more about this study here: https://cris.unibo.it/handle/11585/856385

    Reference

    Massafra, A., Predari, G., Gulli, R. (2022). TOWARDS DIGITAL TWIN DRIVEN CULTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT: A HBIM-BASED WORKFLOW FOR ENERGY IMPROVEMENT OF MODERN BUILDINGS. INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF THE PHOTOGRAMMETRY, REMOTE SENSING AND SPATIAL INFORMATION SCIENCES, XLVI-5/W1-2022, 149-157

  • The Relationship Between Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions in EU Countries: A Cointegration Analysis

    The Relationship Between Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions in EU Countries: A Cointegration Analysis

    Can we grow our economies without warming the planet? This research explores the long-term relationship between GDP and carbon emissions across the European Union.

    Using advanced statistical modeling, the authors reveal that while the EU is making progress, every 1% of economic growth still carries a small but significant carbon “price tag.”

    The core message for policymakers is clear: economic prosperity does not act as a shield against climate change by default. In fact, growth can increase vulnerability if it isn’t decoupled from fossil fuels.

    The study argues that for the EU to reach its climate goals, growth must be intentional—guided by risk management tools and energy-efficient policies—rather than just chasing higher GDP numbers. Prosperity, the authors conclude, must be redefined not just by the wealth we create, but by the emissions we prevent.

    Learn more about this study here: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-science/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.934885/full

    Reference

    Onofrei, M., Vatamanu, A. F., & Cigu, E. (2022). The Relationship Between Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions in EU Countries: A Cointegration Analysis. Frontiers in Environmental Science, Volume 10-2022

  • Economic Sustainable Development Goals: Assessments and Perspectives in Europe

    Economic Sustainable Development Goals: Assessments and Perspectives in Europe

    This study provides a rigorous ranking of 27 European nations based on their ability to balance economic growth with environmental and social responsibility.

    By analyzing 35 specific indicators across the five “economic” Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 7, 8, 9, 11, and 12), the researchers utilized a multicriteria analysis to calculate an aggregate sustainability score for each country.

    The results reveal a clear geographical trend, with Northern and Western European countries consistently outperforming the rest. Sweden and Denmark lead the pack, with Denmark and Austria being the only nations to exceed the European average across every single goal analyzed. A particularly striking finding is the relationship between wealth and sustainability. While there is generally a strong linear connection between a high GDP per capita and sustainability scores, Luxembourg and Ireland emerged as significant outliers. Despite their high economic wealth—driven largely by attractive taxation systems—they have struggled to align that financial success with actual sustainability targets.

    The study concludes that the “drivers” of economic growth must be fundamentally redesigned if we are to move beyond wealth accumulation toward genuine, long-term sustainability.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131730

    Reference

    D’Adamo, I., Gastaldi, M., & Morone, P. (2022). Economic sustainable development goals: Assessments and perspectives in Europe. Journal of Cleaner Production, 354

  • In Search of a Financial Model for a Sustainable Economy

    In Search of a Financial Model for a Sustainable Economy

    Traditional financial models often treat money as a neutral tool, but in a world facing climate change, the “financial sphere” must evolve to support the “real sphere.”

    This research explores how sustainable finance acts as the glue that binds these two worlds together. By examining the interactions between businesses and funding, the study introduces a Triple Layered Model that moves beyond simple profit to prioritize Governance, Society, and the Environment.

    The findings highlight a new era—Sustainable Finance 4.0—where digital innovation is harnessed to fund the circular economy. This isn’t just about “green” investing; it’s about a fundamental shift in how we define value. By aligning financial instruments with the goals of the circular economy, we can ensure that our economic systems are not only profitable but also resilient and regenerative for future generations.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2022.16632

    Reference

    Zioło, M., Bąk, I., Filipiak, B. Z., & Spoz, A. (2022). In search of a financial model for a sustainable economy. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 28(4), 920–947

  • Green Deal, Green Growth and Green Economy as a Means of Support for Attaining the Sustainable Development Goals

    Green Deal, Green Growth and Green Economy as a Means of Support for Attaining the Sustainable Development Goals

    Is a “Green Economy” just a buzzword, or a viable roadmap for our future? This research peels back the layers of contemporary environmental economics to define what it truly means to “green” our global processes.

    By synthesizing indicators from the world’s leading economic institutions—from the World Bank to the European Union—the study provides a toolkit for measuring real progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals.

    The paper concludes by focusing on the European Green Deal, viewing it as the most ambitious regional attempt to align economic growth with planetary boundaries.

    However, it issues a vital caution: while the green transformation offers immense opportunities for innovation and resilience, we must remain wary of “excessive confidence” in technology alone. True sustainability, the research suggests, requires a critical look at the weaknesses of our current models as much as an embrace of new, greener concepts.

    Learn more about this paper here: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105901

    Reference

    Adamowicz, M. (2022). Green Deal, Green Growth and Green Economy as a Means of Support for Attaining the Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainability, 14(10), 5901

  • The Key to Sustainable Economic Development: A Triple Bottom Line Approach

    The Key to Sustainable Economic Development: A Triple Bottom Line Approach

    Does protecting the planet have to come at the cost of the economy? This study explores the “Triple Bottom Line”—the idea that a country’s success depends on the harmony of social, environmental, and economic factors.

    By analyzing data from OECD countries over 14 years, the research proves that social progress is the ultimate engine for growth.

    However, the findings also highlight a complex and sometimes “conflicting” reality: under our current global systems, environmental protection is often seen as an economic “brake.” To fix this, the authors argue that we need a new definition of “development.” We must move beyond just tracking GDP and start including environmental health directly into our national scorecards.

    For governments, the path forward is clear: boost social well-being to drive the economy, but work harder to find “win-win” scenarios where environmental protection and economic growth finally support, rather than compete with, each other, and where the measures adopted by governments do not produce a short-term benefit but in the long term increase vulnerabilities due to public debt.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3390/resources11050046

    Reference

    Nogueira, E., Gomes, S., & Lopes, J. M. (2022). The Key to Sustainable Economic Development: A Triple Bottom Line Approach. Resources, 11(5), 46

  • Geopolymer Concrete as Green Building Materials: Recent Applications, Sustainable Development and Circular Economy Potentials

    Geopolymer Concrete as Green Building Materials: Recent Applications, Sustainable Development and Circular Economy Potentials

    Traditional concrete is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, creating an urgent need for eco-friendly alternatives.

    This systematic review identifies Geopolymer Concrete (GeoC) as a superior “green” material that leverages diverse industrial and agricultural wastes as its primary ingredients. The research demonstrates that GeoC is not only structurally sound and durable but also acts as a critical engine for the Circular Economy, turning low-value waste into high-value infrastructure.

    The study explicitly links the advancement of GeoC technology to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, showing that its widespread adoption supports 12 of the 17 SDGs.

    By refining the synthesis process and optimizing the cost of waste-based matrixes, the construction industry can replace traditional cement with a carbon-neutral alternative.

    For the scientific and engineering communities, the findings suggest that GeoC is a primary candidate for achieving sustainable development in the built environment.

    Learn more about this review here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155577

    Reference

    Shehata, N., Mohamed, O. A., Sayed, E. T., Abdelkareem, M. A., & Olabi, A. G. (2022). Geopolymer concrete as green building materials: Recent applications, sustainable development and circular economy potentials. Science of The Total Environment, 836, 155577

  • Macroeconomic Stability and Transport Company’s Sustainable Development in the Eastern European Union

    Macroeconomic Stability and Transport Company’s Sustainable Development in the Eastern European Union

    Can a transport company go green in an unstable economy? This research argues that the answer is largely “no.” For transport firms in Eastern Europe, macroeconomic stability is the single most important predictor of sustainable growth.

    Using the “Pentagon of Stability”—which tracks everything from inflation to unemployment—the study reveals that when a nation’s economy is balanced, companies have the confidence and capital to invest in the future.

    The findings offer a clear message for governments: sustainability isn’t just about environmental laws; it’s about economic predictability. In countries like Slovenia and Slovakia, the link between a healthy economy and a healthy transport sector is undeniable.

    To support the “Green Deal,” the paper concludes that policymakers must ensure fair tax systems, stable legal regulations, and easy access to finance. Without a stable macroeconomic floor, the transport industry—one of our biggest polluters—cannot build the sustainable ceiling we need.

    Learn more about this paper here: https://doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2021.15913

    Reference

    Comporek, M., Kowalska, M., & Misztal, A. (2022). Macroeconomic stability and transport companies’ sustainable development in the Eastern European Union. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 23(1), 131–144

  • Economic Development of the European Union in the Relation of Sustainable Development—Taxonomic Analysis

    Economic Development of the European Union in the Relation of Sustainable Development—Taxonomic Analysis

    Is the European Union becoming more unified or more divided in its quest for sustainability?

    This research utilizes advanced taxonomic methods to analyze the economic development of 27 EU member states through the lens of the Sustainable Development concept.

    By comparing data from 2014 and 2019, the study reveals that spatial disproportions—the differences in wealth and sustainability between regions—are more pronounced today than ever before.

    The findings explicitly argue that while energy plays a central role in driving growth, the benefits are not being distributed evenly across the Union. The researchers utilized the Hellwig and TOPSIS methods to rank and cluster countries, ultimately proving that current efforts are insufficient to bridge the gap between Member States.

    The study concludes with a call for urgent, “pro-development” actions at both the national and EU levels to ensure that sustainable growth becomes a reality for every region, not just the front-runners.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3390/en14227488

    Reference

    Jędrzejczak-Gas, J., Barska, A., & Wyrwa, J. (2021). Economic Development of the European Union in the Relation of Sustainable Development—Taxonomic Analysis. Energies, 14(22), 7488

  • Building Envelopes Toward Energy‐Efficient Buildings: A Balanced Multi‐Approach Decision Making

    Building Envelopes Toward Energy‐Efficient Buildings: A Balanced Multi‐Approach Decision Making

    Designing zero-energy buildings in developing countries is a significant challenge due to a lack of viable techniques and the high cost of energy-saving investments.

    This research addresses this gap by evaluating retrofitting strategies for institutional buildings across three distinct hot climate zones in Egypt.

    By using dynamic simulations validated against actual energy data, the study explores how to maximize energy savings without sacrificing human comfort.

    The findings explicitly highlight that while technical solutions like reflective paints can slash building energy demand by up to 21%, the success of these policies depends on a “balanced” approach.

    For building owners and policymakers, the study demonstrates that improving indoor thermal comfort is the key to making energy efficiency attractive. By combining local sensitivity analysis with an environmental-economic assessment, the researchers provide a strategic framework for transforming existing urban structures into high-performance, livable environments.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1002/er.7166

    Reference

    William, M. A., Suárez‐López, M. J., Soutullo, S., & Hanafy, A. A. (2021). Building envelopes toward energy‐efficient buildings: A balanced multi‐approach decision making. International Journal of Energy Research, 45(15), 21096–21113

  • Review of Urban Building Energy Modeling (UBEM) Approaches, Methods and Tools using Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

    Review of Urban Building Energy Modeling (UBEM) Approaches, Methods and Tools using Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

    How can city planners predict the energy needs of thousands of buildings at one?

    This research reviews the urban building energy modeling as a possible solution, a methodology that allows for large-scale energy estimation and policy testing.

    By performing a SWOT analysis on current tools, methods and approaches, the authors provide a clear guide for choosing between fast, data-drive predictions and detailed, physics-based simulations.

    The study explicitly addresses the challenges of data scarcity and model complexity, proposing a universal framework to help energy policymakers maximize their impact.

    The findings suggest that as urban population grow, urban building energy models will be indispensable for designing energy-efficient districts and achieving long-term climate resilience. For urban planners, this paper acts as a strategic manual for leveraging limited resources to create deep, sustainable building energy plans.

    Learn more about this review here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111073

    Reference

    Ali, U., Shamsi, M. H., Hoare, C., Mangina, E., & O’Donnell, J. (2021). Review of urban building energy modeling (UBEM) approaches, methods and tools using qualitative and quantitative analysis. Energy and Buildings, 246, 111073

  • Implementing Circular Economy Strategies in Buildings—From Theory to Practice

    Implementing Circular Economy Strategies in Buildings—From Theory to Practice

    How do we stop buildings from becoming the landfills of tomorrow? This research explores the transition of the construction industry from a linear “take-make-waste” model to an innovative Circular Economic model to addres the practical gap: how to transform buildings from temporary structures to permanent “banks” of valuable resources. By shifting to a close-loop system, the construction industry can eliminate the very concept of waste, treating every component as regenerative asset that must be kept use at its highest value.

    The study identifies three “game-changing” pillars for this transition: Digitalization, Wise Resources Management, and Innovative Design. Through the use of digital material tracking and “Design for Disassembly”, we can ensure that a building’s end-of-life is actually just the beginning of a new cycle.

    This shift doesn’t just benefit the environment; it creates the foundation for healthier, high-performance cities where resources are managed as the scarce and precious commodities they truly are.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3390/asi4020026

    Reference

    Rahla, K. M., Mateus, R., & Bragança, L. (2021). Implementing Circular Economy Strategies in Buildings—From Theory to Practice. Applied System Innovation, 4(2), 26

  • Sustainable Material Choice for Construction Projects: A Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment Framework based on BIM and Fuzzy-AHP

    Sustainable Material Choice for Construction Projects: A Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment Framework based on BIM and Fuzzy-AHP

    Sustainability in construction is often misunderstood as a purely environment goal, neglecting the vital social and economic dimensions of a project.

    This research addresses this gap by proposing a decision-making framework that allows construction professionals to evaluate material choices through a Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA). By integrating this assessment with Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), the framework provides a scientifically rigorous way to choose materials that perform well across the entire triple bottom line.

    The study explicitly utilizes The Fuzzy Analitic Hierarchy Process to manage the inherent subjectivity and uncertainty involved in weighing different sustainability goals. Validated through a residential building case study, the frameworks tracks impacts from the initial construction phase through to the end-of-life.

    For the modern developer, this paper offers a practical methodology to move beyond “greenwashing” and ensure that material selection is grounded in holistic, data-driven sustainability.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107805

    Reference

    Figueiredo, K., Pierott, R., Hammad, A. W. A., & Haddad, A. (2021). Sustainable material choice for construction projects: A Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment framework based on BIM and Fuzzy-AHP. Building and Environment, 196, 107805

  • Sustainability in Building and Construction within the Framework of Circular Cities and European New Green Deal – The Contribution of Concrete Recycling

    Sustainability in Building and Construction within the Framework of Circular Cities and European New Green Deal – The Contribution of Concrete Recycling

    Can we build our way to carbon neutrality? According to this research, the answer lies in reimagining the lifecycle of our most common material: concrete.

    Within the ambitious framework of the European New Green Deal, this study explores how Eco-design and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) can transform the construction sector from a major polluter into a pillar of the circular economy.

    By focusing on the “green design” of products and the rigorous recycling of construction and demolition waste, the authors demonstrate how we can significantly reduce the 36% of emissions currently tied to our built environment.

    The findings suggest that “circular cities” are not built with magic, but with the careful, innovative recycling of the materials we already have. For the modern policymaker, this paper provides the evidence that concrete recycling isn’t just an industrial process, it’s a vital strategy for a resource-efficient, carbon-neutral Europe.

    Learn more about this paper here: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042139

    Reference

    Bonoli, A., Zanni, S., & Serrano-Bernardo, F. (2021). Sustainability in Building and Construction within the Framework of Circular Cities and European New Green Deal. The Contribution of Concrete Recycling. Sustainability, 13(4), 2139

  • Sustainable Economic Development in Higher Education Institutions: A Global Analysis Within the SDGs Framework

    Sustainable Economic Development in Higher Education Institutions: A Global Analysis Within the SDGs Framework

    Modern universities face a difficult balancing act: they must remain financially competitive while serving as leaders in the global movement toward sustainability.

    This research investigates the growth of Sustainable Economic Development (SED) within higher education institutions by analyzing the evolution of scientific research from 1990 to 2018.

    Through a bibliometric analysis of over 1,600 academic articles, the authors identify the key countries, journals, and trends that have shaped this field over nearly three decades.

    The findings highlight that while nations like the United States and China are at the forefront of this production, much of the existing research has focused on environmental concerns like recycling and education rather than the economic mechanics of the institutions themselves.

    The study concludes that the future of the field lies in developing concrete indicators that allow university administrators to actually measure the economic side of sustainability. By establishing these protocols, institutions can better align their daily operations with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, ensuring they contribute positively to the economy and society simultaneously.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126133

    Reference

    Abad-Segura, E., & González-Zamar, M.-D. (2021). Sustainable economic development in higher education institutions: A global analysis within the SDGs framework. Journal of Cleaner Production, 294, 126133

  • Fundamentals of Building Deconstruction as a Circular Economy Strategy for the Reuse of Construction Materials

    Fundamentals of Building Deconstruction as a Circular Economy Strategy for the Reuse of Construction Materials

    Is the end of a building’s life actually an opportunity? This research reframes “deconstruction” as the backbone of a circular urban future. While traditional demolition is fast and cheap, it hides a massive environmental cost in the form of landfill waste and lost resources.

    By adopting a strategy of Selective Dismantlement, the construction industry can recover valuable materials for immediate reuse or repurposing.

    The study proposes a set of universal principles that apply to any construction system, emphasizing that the potential for a building to be “recycled” is decided the moment it is designed.

    For modern cities to meet their sustainability goals, we must move beyond the “linear” model of consumption and start viewing our built environment as a rotating inventory of materials. This paper provides the foundational “how-to” for turning that vision into a standard industrial practice.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.3390/app11030939

    Reference

    Bertino, G., Kisser, J., Zeilinger, J., Langergraber, G., Fischer, T., & Österreicher, D. (2021). Fundamentals of Building Deconstruction as a Circular Economy Strategy for the Reuse of Construction Materials. Applied Sciences, 11(3), 939

  • Economic Development Trends in the EU Tourism Industry. Towards the Digitalization Process and Sustainability

    Economic Development Trends in the EU Tourism Industry. Towards the Digitalization Process and Sustainability

    “Economic development trends in the EU tourism industry. Towards the digitalization process and sustainability,” addresses the delicate balance between the economic benefits of tourism and its ecological costs.

    By examining the European Union’s tourism sector through three distinct lenses—Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), and Economic & Tourism (E&T) variables—the researchers investigate how digital tools and e-commerce can drive industry growth while simultaneously supporting sustainability.

    The research explores the correlation between tourism development and overall GDP growth, specifically asking if the rise of e-commerce and digital efficiency helps or hinders the transition to “positive impact” tourism.

    The findings underscore that digitalization is not just a tool for business efficiency but a critical factor in managing the environmental footprint of travel.

    Learn more about this study here: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11135-020-01056-9

    Reference

    Filipiak, B.Z., Dylewski, M. & Kalinowski, M. Economic development trends in the EU tourism industry. Towards the digitalization process and sustainability. Qual Quant 57 (Suppl 3), 321–346 (2023)

  • Sustainable and Resilient Construction: Current Status and Future Challenges

    Sustainable and Resilient Construction: Current Status and Future Challenges

    The construction industry is at a crossroads. Recognized by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as a sector that must change, it faces the dual challenge of reducing its massive carbon footprint while simultaneously building structures that can survive an increasingly volatile climate.

    This editorial review of 34 studies reveals that the transition to “Green Construction” is not just technologically possible, it is economically viable.

    The research bridges the gap between hight-tech solutions (like BIM-driven waste reduction) and social sciences insights (like the power of collaborative leadership).

    It argues that we cannot just look at the individual buildings, we must look at entire urban plans through a holistic lens.

    Ultimately, the paper calls for an “invigorated research focus” on adaptation. It reminds us that while we have made great strides in sustainability, ou true future challenge lies in resilience, designing a built environment that can protect and support human society in an uncertain world.

    Learn more about this review here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122264

    Reference

    Murtagh, N., Scott, L., & Fan, J. (2020). Sustainable and resilient construction: Current status and future challenges. Journal of Cleaner Production, 268, 122264

  • Comparison of Environmental Assessment Methods when Reusing Building Components: A Case Study

    Comparison of Environmental Assessment Methods when Reusing Building Components: A Case Study

    This research explores the lack of standardized Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tools capable of measuring the environmental benefits of reusing building components from demolition sites. By testings six recognized carbon-accounting methodologies (including the Cut-off, End-of-life, and Environmental Footprint methods) on a Swiss case study (Kopfabu Halle 118), the authors demonstrate that current quantification tools produce highly inconsistent results.

    These discrepancies stem from how different methods allocate carbon “burdens” and “credits” across a component’s first, intermediate, and final lifecycles.

    The study explicitly states that existing frameworks are too limited in scope to address the complexities of reuse. They fail to quantify critical circular characteristics such as dis/re- mountability, versatility, design complexity, and the impact of storage and transformation.

    The findings conclude that until theses specific features are integrated into standardized equations, LCA tools will remain inadequate for accurately demonstrating the climate benefits of reuse in the built environment.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102322

    Reference

    De Wolf, C., Hoxha, E., & Fivet, C. (2020). Comparison of environmental assessment methods when reusing building components: A case study. Sustainable Cities and Society, 61, 102322.

  • The Components of Sustainable Development – A Possible Approach

    The Components of Sustainable Development – A Possible Approach

    For decades, we have used Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the ultimate yardstick for progress, but can a single number truly capture the complexity of human survival and well-being?

    This research explores the three fundamental pillars of a sustainable society—the economic, the ecological, and the human—and examines how they must interact to create a future that is both equitable and viable.

    By employing a conceptual framework that breaks down human needs into biological, social, and spiritual dimensions, the author critiques the narrow focus of traditional economic growth models.

    The study argues that measuring development purely through financial output, without quantifying the long-term benefits of environmental protection, is an outdated and unacceptable approach to sustainability.

    Ultimately, the investigation concludes that the “human component” is the heart of the equation; true sustainable evolution requires a deep commitment to equity, acknowledging that economic activity exists solely to serve the diverse and profound needs of people within a healthy natural environment.

    Learn more about this study here: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00849-7

    Reference

    Duran, D. C., Gogan, L. M., Artene, A., & Duran, V. (2015). The Components of Sustainable Development—A Possible Approach. 4th World Conference on Business, Economics and Management (WCBEM-2015), 26, 806–811

  • Relationship Between Environment and Sustainable Economic Development: A Theoretical Approach to Environmental Problems

    Relationship Between Environment and Sustainable Economic Development: A Theoretical Approach to Environmental Problems

    While the global pursuit of economic growth has successfully raised living standards for many, it has also pushed our natural resources to a breaking point, creating an urgent dilemma for future generations.

    This research investigates the essential link between environmental preservation and sustainable development, focusing on how we might curb degradation without halting economic progress.

    By employing a descriptive methodology and analyzing trends within data from organizations like the World Bank and the IMF, the author examines the global impact of resource consumption across different economic tiers.

    The study reveals a double-edged sword: developed nations often over-exploit resources for surplus production, while developing countries do so out of a necessity to alleviate poverty.

    It is concluded that our current trajectory is unsustainable for both humans and wildlife, arguing that the judicious use of environmental assets is the only viable path toward a stable and lasting economic future.

    Learn more about this study here: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285433097_Relationship_between_environment_and_sustainable_economic_development_a_theoretical_approach_to_environmental_problems

    Reference

    Awan, Dr.Abdul. (2013). Relationship between environment and sustainable economic development: a theoretical approach to environmental problems. Int. J. Asian Soc. Sci.. 3. 741-761