Crop biotechnology, specifically the use of genetically modified (GM) crops, has significantly altered the environmental footprint of global agriculture since their widespread commercialization over two decades ago.
The researchers point out that the adoption of insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant technology has led to a reduction in pesticide spraying by 775.4 million kg, an 8.3% decrease. According to the study, this shift has improved the Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ)—a metric used to measure the impact of pesticides—by 18.5% on the areas where these crops are grown.
The study also highlights how GM technology has facilitated changes in farming practices, such as reduced tillage and lower fuel consumption.
The authors explain that these changes have resulted in a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. For instance, the researchers calculate that in 2018 alone, the carbon emissions saved were equivalent to removing 15.27 million cars from the road.
Ultimately, the paper concludes that the transition to GM cropping systems has provided measurable benefits for both chemical reduction and climate change mitigation in the agricultural sector.
Learn more about this study: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2020.1773198
Reference:
Brookes, G., & Barfoot, P. (2020). Environmental impacts of genetically modified (GM) crop use 1996–2018: Impacts on pesticide use and carbon emissions. GM Crops & Food, 11(4), 215–241.